Definition of Doric Columns

Doric columns have a simple squared capital and no base.

The Doric column is characteristic of classical Greek architecture. This style of column tapers at the top, is generally fluted and has a simple squared capital (top or crown) and no base. The most famous example of a building with Doric columns is the Parthenon, which stands in Athens, Greece, and is probably the most studied building in history.

Greek Orders

The Doric Order was one of the ancient Greek systems of architecture. Ionic and Corinthian were the others. Each of the systems is associated with its own column, and the most ornate of these three styles was the Corinthian. Corinthian columns featured elaborate carvings on the capital. The Ionic column was similar to the Doric, but had a taller shaft, making it look more slender, and a scroll above it.

Columns Defined

A column is a supporting pillar usually composed of a base (bottom support), a shaft (pillar) and a capital (top or crown). Columns first were used functionally in architecture, standing as building supports. They also have been and continue to be used decoratively inside and outside public buildings and residences.

Doric Style

Of the three column styles, Doric is the oldest, dating back to about 600 B.C. The concept of the column was borrowed from the ancient Egyptians, but the Greeks perfected it and made it their own. Along with the Parthenon, other Greek buildings that featured Doric columns include the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens and the Temple of the Delians, on the island of Delos.

Simplicity

The Doric column was the simplest of the three ancient Greek column styles. It had no base and was placed directly on the top step of the temple floor. Its fluted shaft narrowed at the top and had 20 sides. Its capital was a simple curved crown, with a square block, or abacus, sitting atop it.

Columns Today

Today, columns are still used around the world and maintain their association with ancient Greek architecture. They often appear on public buildings, such as post offices and courthouses, as a symbol of permanence and connectedness to the past. The tallest Doric column is Lord's Hill column in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, which stands 133.5 feet tall and supports a 17-foot statue. It was completed in 1816.

References

• Charlotte Mecklenburg HIstoric Landmark Commission.org; Classical Orders
• Archaeological Institute of America; Outreach & Education