How Does Salicylic Acid Work?

What is Salicylic Acid?

Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid derived from the bark of a willow tree. It has both cosmetic and medicinal uses. It is often found in skin care products because of its ability to treat acne, psoriasis, warts and other skin conditions. The Greek physician Hippocrates was among the first to identify the bitter extract of the willow bark as a substance that eased minor aches and reduced fevers. It is probably best known as a component similar to aspirin because salicylic acid is a metabolite of aspirin. The active extract of the bark was isolated by Henri Leroux, a French pharmacist and Raffaela Pira, an Italian chemist in 1828.

Cosmetic Uses

When applied to the skin, salicylic acid works by causing the cells of the epidermis to shed properly. This prevents skin pores from getting clogged up and subsequently being infected with bacteria. For this reason, it is also used in dandruff shampoos to speed up the process of shedding. It's basically a chemical agent that aids in the process of exfoliation by eliminating surface skin cells and opening up pores. The acid is also known to break down blackheads and whiteheads as well as other types of acne. The most efficient way to apply salicylic acid as a topical solution is through cosmetic pads that have been soaked in the acid, which are then applied to the skin daily. There is often a slight sting felt when the product touches the skin, especially broken or infected areas.

Medicinal Uses

Salicylic acid has been used to treat fevers since ancient times. In modern times, it is also used to treat pain and prevent heart disease. The pain and fever reliever, aspirin, is actually derived from a compound of salicylic acid. It works by suppressing the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which can cause blood clots and other health problems. It's ability to suppress thomboxanes is especially helpful in preventing blood clots and heart attacks. The salicylic acid used in aspirin is different from the acid used in topical skin care products. It is important not to get the two different types confused. Also, be aware that high concentrations of salicylic acid are toxic and can be detrimental to a person's health. Some people who are allergic to the acid find that even small amounts can be harmful. Always consult a physician before using any salicylic acid products.

Resources

• More information about salicylic acid