Exposure Levels for Asbestos Types

Chronic exposure to asbestos can lead to respiratory problems. thorax x-ray of the lungs image by JoLin from Fotolia.com

Asbestos is a group of minerals that occur naturally when bundles of fibers separate into thin, durable threads. Asbestos is widely used in many industries because it's resistant to heat, fire and chemicals; it also does not conduct electricity. However, when people breathe in asbestos, the fibers may get trapped in the lungs and remain there for a long time. When these fibers accumulate, they can affect breathing and lead to serious health problems.

Low Level Exposure

Almost everyone is exposed to asbestos at some time during their life, but most people don't get sick from the exposure. Low levels of asbestos exist in the air, water and soil. Usually those who become ill from asbestos are those who are regularly exposed to the material, such as those who work in the construction, textiles and insulation industries. However, improved industry practices have minimized the risk of employees being exposed to high concentrations of asbestos.

Chronic Exposure

Those who experience chronic exposure to asbestos run the risk of developing cancer, mesothelioma and nonmalignant lung disorders. There is no hard rule as to how much exposure to asbestos is considered chronic or too much, but several factors determine how exposure affects a person. Concentration, duration, frequency, and the size, shape and chemical makeup of the asbestos fibers are factors in how the material affects an individual.

Long and thin fibers are expected to reach the lower regions of the lungs, which means they will be retained in there longer and have a more toxic effect than short, wide fibers. Wide fibers are usually expected to be deposited in the upper respiratory tract without reaching deep into the lungs. However, short, wide fibers are also able to cause respiratory problems, as it may take years for asbestos fibers to work their way out of the lungs. Extended presence of fibers in the lungs may lead to fluid accumulation and the development of tumors.

Smoking and Asbestos Exposure

Those who smoke cigarettes and are also exposed to asbestos are at higher risk of developing lung cancer than those who don't smoke. Although smoking already potentially leads to lung cancer, studies show that the habit, when paired with asbestos exposure, increases this risk significantly. This is why people who suspect they have been exposed to dangerous levels of asbestos should stop smoking to prevent the high risk of lung tumors and cancer.

References

• National Cancer Institute: Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk
• Centers for Disease Control: Asbestos
• Asbestos News: Asbestos Exposure