Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes and Burning Feet

Insulin shots are self-administered by Type 1 diabetics.

Diabetes mellitus is not a single or individual disease, but a combination of connected disorders, resulting in increased blood sugar levels. According to a 2009 Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index survey, the amount of American adults with diabetes has risen from 10.4 percent at the beginning of 2008, to 11.3 percent by the end of 2009. The survey projects a rise to 15 percent by the end of 2015 if current patterns continue.

Diabetes Type 1 and 2

Smoking increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disorder, is generally diagnosed at an early age. A patient is considered insulin-dependent, where no insulin or very small levels of it are produced. Insulin must be injected into the bloodstream by the patient to control glucose levels, and extreme high and low sugar levels can occur, resulting in diabetic comas or insulin shock. Type 1 is the less common form of diabetes and considered more serious than Type 2. Type 2 is a lifestyle disorder, with obesity a major contributing factor. Insulin levels are either insufficient or ineffective, and the patient may need to inject it into the bloodstream as needed. Native Americans, Hispanics and Black ethnic groups are more susceptible to Type 2 diabetes. It can be controlled with dietary changes, by reducing carbohydrates, eating nutritionally balanced meals, performing regular exercise and using prescribed medication. Smoking increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes and further complicates the condition; therefore smoking should be avoided. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and is slow in developing, producing little or no symptoms for years.

Common Signs and Symptoms

Elevated blood pressure is a symptom of diabetes.

Diabetes sufferers may experience frequent urination and excessive thirst and hunger. Weight gain or loss, fatigue and blurred vision are other symptoms, and reoccurring yeast or urinary tract infections are common in women. Blood pressure is generally raised, and patients may have itchy, dry skin. Cuts and wounds take longer to heal, increasing the risk of serious infections. Reduced sensitivity, characterized by numbing or tingling of the hands and feet, increases the chance of infection as sufferers may be unaware of injuries. Cold feet, indicative of poor circulation, are a symptom of diabetes, and patients are prone to ulcers, especially on the feet.

Burning Sensation

Burning feet can feel like walking on hot coals.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a neuropathic disorder and a result of nerve damage. It causes the burning feet sensation which can be an early sign of diabetes. If ignored, this painful condition can lead to devastating consequences, such as foot ulcers and amputation. Anyone experiencing these symptoms or any other changes in the feet should immediately contact a physician or podiatrist.

Regular Inspection of the Feet

Check the feet daily.

Diabetes patients should regularly examine their feet, checking the soles and between the toes for cuts, lesions or blisters. A magnifying mirror will ensure a thorough inspection. To avoid injuries, always wear comfortable, wide fitting or therapeutic shoes with breathable cotton as well as diabetic socks. These should be changed daily, and foot hygiene is a must. Dry your feet well as damp areas offer breeding grounds for bacteria and fungus. If fungal infections occur, treat them promptly with antifungal cream or spray. Keep feet well conditioned and soft with diabetic creams to prevent cracked skin, which can lead to infection. Diabetic socks and creams can be purchased at most major drug stores. Toenails should be trimmed and filed, cutting straight across, to avoid hangnails or ingrown toenails. Vitamin B supplements and cold water soaks may offer temporary relief to burning feet, and zinc can assist in regenerating new skin and tissue cells, accelerating the healing process of ulcers. Soaking your feet in hot water and the use of hot water bottles is not advised as this can lead to scalding. If you have corns or calluses, inform your podiatrist and don't be tempted to treat them yourself with home kits.

References

• Gallup: Healthways Well-Being Index Survey
• Cleveland Clinic: Diabetes and Dangers of Smoking
• Dr. Foot: Grierson Gopalan/Burning Feet Syndrome

Resources

• American Diabetes Association: Living With Diabetes
• MyFootShop: Foot Care for Diabetics