How to Reset PRAM

All Mac computers have parameter RAM -- generally referred to as PRAM. PRAM is responsible for such settings as screen display, speaker volume, DVD regional settings and startup volume. For some hardware or software malfunctions, especially startup problems, it may be necessary to reset the PRAM. While this may not always solve the problem, it's a safe and free first step to take before you decide to bring the computer in for professional assistance.

Instructions

1. Turn off the computer with the "Shut Down" option on the "Apple" menu.

2. Place your fingers on top of the "Command," "Option," "P" and "R" keys on the keyboard, but do not press the keys down yet.

3. Turn on the computer and press down the keys mentioned in Step 2. Hold the keys down until the startup chime sounds two times.

4. Release the keys and allow the computer to boot up as normal.

References

• Apple Support: Resetting Your Mac's PRAM and NVRAM
• Apple Support: What's Stored in PRAM