How to Pattern a Shotgun
Unlike rifles and pistols that fire only a single projectile at a time, a shotgun propels a series of small pellets in a single shot. This makes shotguns perfect guns for hunting birds in flight or small game that runs quickly on the ground. Every shotgun has a different pattern; that is, the way it groups shot over distance. To pattern a shotgun you fire at a paper target at various distances. Patterning will make you a more effective hunter by giving you an idea of the effective range and aiming positions that work with your specific shotgun.
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Instructions
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Set up a series of paper targets at distances of 10 yards, 20 yards and 30 yards from your shooting position. Place each target at least 5 feet to the side of the next one. This will prevent errant shots from ruining successive targets. On each target note the distance from your shooting position.
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Return to your shooting position, making sure that the area behind your targets has a safe backstop.
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Load your shotgun with the same ammunition you intend to use while hunting.
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Fire a single shot at each target. Aim directly at the center of each target.
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Retrieve your targets. Inspect the targets for the pattern the shot left behind. If your shotgun produces a very tight grouping at shorter distances, remember that when taking close-range shots in the field: you will have less leeway in getting a hit. If your targets set at longer distances produce groups of shot about 2 feet in diameter, that is the kill area for longer-range shots.
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Tips & Warnings
Experiment with various shotgun chokes to see how they affect your pattern.
Always shoot at targets with a proper backstop.
References
Resources
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