How Does a Fish Hatchery Work?

The Purpose of the Hatchery

Fish hatcheries are in the business of raising fish such as trout, bass, tilapia and other species. Hatcheries raise all types of fish, including those designated for consumption as well as for ornamental purposes. Hatcheries also work closely with state and federal agencies to raise fish for the purpose of restocking and replenishing waters. This may be necessary due to fishing activity, a natural or man-made disaster or for reintroduction purposes.

The Inner Workings of a Hatchery

The hatchery itself is typically located near a body of quality, running water. From this source, the hatchery will divert water into tanks in which the fish are raised or reared. Here, eggs are harvested from fish, fertilized and carefully tended so that the maximum number of fish may be obtained from a female donor. There is also research and experimentation regarding all phases of operations in order to gain the greatest harvest as well as perpetuate the best genetic lines. As the fish grow, they are moved progressively through a variety of tanks designated for their appropriate size. Fish will also receive any necessary vitamins or supplements to ensure their health.

Life After the Hatchery

As fish reach their optimum size, they are moved from the hatchery. This may be determined by many factors. If a fish is being grown for food purposes, a certain size will be determined which will most adequately fill the needs of processors. In the case of game fish, a variety of sizes may be required. For instance, a trout stream may require fingerlings, or very young fish, as well as intermediate sized fish. There may even be a need for different sized and aged fish in different parts of the same river. The same holds true for fish stocked into lakes and ponds. The hatchery will either sell or distribute the fish as needed by the end user.

Resources

• Hatchery
• Overview of Michigan's Fish Hatchery System