Etiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. COPD is categorized as a group of irreversible pulmonary disorders that progress slowly. It consists of two main conditions; chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
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Identification
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Irritants cause inflammation, fluid, and excessive mucus production within the bronchial tubes. The increased mucus production narrows and obstructs the airway, preventing the lungs from receiving an adequate amount of oxygen.
Causes
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Smoking is the number one cause of COPD. Other causes include prolonged exposure to environmental irritants such as pollen, industrial pollution and dust particles.
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Symptoms
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Symptoms of COPD include chronic cough, mucus production, shortness of breath, altered breathing patterns and frequent respiratory tract infections.
Diagnosis
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A diagnosis is made after your physician takes your medical history and gives you a physical examination. Your physician may require a pulmonary function test to measure your lung capacity and function. He may also order chest Xrays to check for physical signs of COPD, such as abnormal air collections within your lungs.
Treatment
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There is no cure for COPD but treatments such as bronchodilators, antibiotics, smoking cessation and reduced exposure to irritants can enhance your quality of life and may slow the progression of the disease.
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