The Effects of Ultraviolet Light on the Skin

Ultraviolet light is broken down into three major categories: UVA, UVB and UVC. Each category affects the skin differently. Ultraviolet light is stronger during the summer months, when the sun is closer and the rays can more easily penetrate all of the layers of the atmosphere.

Types

Ultraviolet light comes from the sun as well as man-made sources such as tanning booths or light machines. Both emit ultraviolet rays in the three major UV categories.

Function

Exposure to ultraviolet light is necessary to help the body create vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for a healthy heart and other bodily functions. The average person needs about 12 minutes of sun exposure to produce the appropriate amount of vitamin D.

Effects

When ultraviolet rays hit the skin, the melanin in the skin reacts and changes color. This can cause a sunburn or suntan, depending on the individual and length of exposure. Long-term effects include age spots, fine lines and wrinkles, freckles and other forms of hyperpigmentation.

Warnings

Too much exposure to ultraviolet rays can cause premature aging of the skin, higher risk of skin cancer and sun poisoning.

Misconceptions

Many people believe that tanning booths are less harmful to the skin than direct exposure to the sun. This is a myth, as tanning booths also emit ultraviolet rays that affect the skin.