Facts About GMOs
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are any organisms--plant or animal--that have had their genetic material altered. GMOs are used in the medical, pharmaceutical and agriculture industries, and its use in the food industry has created some controversy. While there are compelling arguments for each side, GMOs are part of a relatively new field of experimentation and thus the long-term research results are not yet known. The impact of GMOs on humans and the environment may not be known for decades.
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Less Spoilage, More Resistance
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Fruits and vegetables can last longer if they are genetically modified. Produce can be stored longer and shipped farther without waste or spoilage. Certain genetic modifications also make produce less susceptible to common pests. Drought, frost and heat resistance is improved as well.
GMOs in Wide Use
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A report released by the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (see Resources) has indicated that nearly 300 millions acres in 23 countries are planted with genetically modified crops. Double-digit growth has been seen for the past 10 years and is expected to continue.
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More Nutritious Food
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Genetic engineering can increase the nutritional content of food. "Golden Rice," a genetically modified rice, has a much higher vitamin A content, which helps to reduce nutritional deficiencies common in many countries. Beta Carotene (vitamin A) is present in rice seedlings but declines during development. Modification of the rice genome maintains high beta carotene levels of the rice crop.
Dangerous Allergens and Toxins
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Altered material may produce new combinations of allergens and toxins. In the late 1980s, a toxic amino-acid was formed when an altered bacteria was used in an L-tryptophan supplement, causing 37 deaths.
Resistant Weeds
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Weeds that grow in areas planted with GMO crops can cross-pollinate and become resistant to the chemicals used to control them. Food crops could be crowded out or exposed to increasingly toxic chemicals as attempts are made to control these resistant weeds.
Genetically Modified Animals
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Companies are developing genetically modified farm animals, although none have been approved by the FDA. Proponents argue that faster growing, healthier more nutritious and disease-resistant animals would help feed the world's growing population, but many ethical, environmental and health questions remain unanswered.
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