Difference Between Probiotics & Prebiotics
Though the words sound similar, probiotics and prebiotics are not one and the same. Probiotics---sometimes touted on yogurt containers---are living microorganisms (often bacterial) similar to those found naturally in the human body. Prebiotics, on the other hand, are nondigestible, nonliving substances that interact with naturally present microorganisms.
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Probiotics: The "Good" Bacteria
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The human body requires beneficial bacteria to assist with an array of functions, from digestion to support of the immune system. Dietary supplements or foods that contain these beneficial enzyme-producing bacteria can be described as "probiotic." The World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations formally define probiotics as "live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host."
Prebiotics: Helping the Good Bacteria
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Prebiotics are derived from insoluble fiber and fructooligosaccharides (the sugars often found in fruits and honey); they are carbohydrates that selectively stimulate growth and/or activity upon contact with intestinal microflora. For instance, they are said to assist in the absorption of calcium and the development of good bacteria. The definition of prebiotics is very similar to that of dietary fiber, except for the issue of selectivity.
Natural Sources of Probiotics and Prebiotics
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Probiotics and prebiotics are found in a variety of foods. They often occur naturally but can also be added later in the manufacturing process. Some examples of foods that contain indigenous probiotics include yogurt and cultured dairy products; miso and soy items; fermented foods such as sauerkraut; and yeast. Prebiotics appear in whole grains; bananas; honey; and vegetables such as onions, asparagus, leeks, artichokes and garlic. When probiotics and prebiotics are mixed together, they form a symbiotic relationship, and the prebiotic "food" can help the probiotic survive on its journey through the digestive system.
Research into Pre- and Probiotics
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Various substances, as well as both internal and external conditions, impact the human body daily and can upset the balance of microflora in the body. Antibiotics, harmful microorganisms, unhealthy foods, sicknesses and other factors often induce strain on a person's immune system and bacterial equilibrium. There is growing interest in the potential use of both pre- and probiotics in the treatment or prevention of many conditions---as well as for overall well-being. As of October 2009, there is a limited body of scientific research on these topics, but several studies have yielded promising results.
Supplements as Pre- and Probiotic Sources
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Pre- and probiotics are sometimes used as part of a complementary or alternative medicine program. They often come in capsule form but are also available in liquid and powder varieties, and are generally taken 30 minutes prior to meals. If you are looking to restore balance in your intestinal tract or solve other digestion- or immune-related issues, you may wish to consult your doctor about such supplements. Please remember to speak with a health professional before starting any new supplement regimen.
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