Human Anatomy & Physiology Definitions
The study of anatomy and physiology requires the knowledge of a complete language. Terms like organ, articulation and system take on new meanings. In general, anatomy is the study of the structure of organisms and their individual parts.
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Anatomy Terms
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The terms can be broken down as either gross anatomy, or that which can be seen with the naked eye, or tissue anatomy, which typically requires a microscope. Anatomical study requires an understanding of the organism and its organ systems (such as the respiratory system), organs (such as the lungs) and tissues (such alveoli). Tissue study requires understanding of the different types of cells, the various organelles (such as mitochondria or nucleus) and their microscopic composition (molecules and atoms).
Physiology Terms
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Physiology is the study of the function of the various systems of an organism. The study of physiology involves terminology such as organ systems, circulation, respiration and articulation. Physiology also requires an understanding of terms like nutrition and reproduction and the ability to connect how different systems work together.
Physiology and Anatomy Combined
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It is not possible to have a complete understanding of physiology without an understanding of anatomy. Take for example the nervous system. In anatomy, you study the brain, the nerves, the synapses, the chemical receptors, axons and so on. That tells you the part that make up the nervous system. Physiology explains how the nerve reacts to stimulation, the axon sends signals up the nerve using electrical impulses and chemical receptors to cross synapses and reach the brain.
If you only studied the physiology of the nervous system, you only have half the picture.
Who Studies Anatomy and Physiology
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Anatomy and physiology are vital studies for anyone in the medical field. Some need more detailed knowledge, such as a neurosurgeon who has intimate knowledge of the nervous system's parts and functions, compared with a paramedic who only needs to understand the meaning of pain or the lack thereof.
Further Reading
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Any basic anatomy and physiology book or website will give you the basic information you need to develop an understanding of these two sciences. Where specifically you look depends on how you use the information. Doctors should read clinical and scholarly books like "Gray's Anatomy," while massage therapists can make do with a basic textbook. The important thing is that you understand the material as it is presented: It makes no sense to read "Gray's Anatomy" if you do not understand the language used.
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