Laparoscopic Hernia Repair
An abdominal hernia occurs when the inside layers of abdominal muscle become torn or form a bulge. This results in the weakening of these muscles, which allows the lining of the abdomen to push through, creating a bubble or sac. While hernias can be quite painful, there is a minimally invasive option when it comes to hernia repair known as laparoscopic hernia repair.
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Technique
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The laparoscopic repair surgery begins with the surgeon making one incision under the belly button and two additional incisions in the lower abdomen area. A small telescope and camera are inserted into the incision made under the belly button and transmits the images to a video monitor. The abdominal cavity is then inflated with carbon dioxide gas to allow plenty of room for the surgeon to see around and work.
Once the defect is found the weak area of the abdomen is reinforced with a mesh made from that same synthetic material that stitches are made from. The mesh works as a patch and is secured either by stitches, staples, titanium tacks or tissue glue and is meant to stay in after the surgery is completed. The patch covers the defect and closes up any open wounds. This patching method has shown to decrease the chance of a recurring hernia.
Upon completion of the patching, the carbon dioxide gas is let out and the camera removed. The patient is then sent to a recovery room and discharged as soon as they are able to walk.
Candidates
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Not all patients are able to undergo laparoscopic surgery to repair hernias. The defect must be very large and they need to be in a position that allows for placement of the mesh patch that will not interfere with surrounding tissue or intestines. CT scans can help determine if the spatial requirements are met.
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Anesthesia
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Candidate for surgery must be able to be put under anesthesia. In laparoscopic hernia surgery, the patient is given general, spinal or regional anesthesia.
Recovery
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In most cases of laparoscopic hernia surgery, patients spend one or two nights in the hospital. Pain during recovery is usually easily managed with oral analgesics and is at its worst during the first 24 hours after surgery. It is common for people who have undergone this type of surgery to resume normal activity in just a matter of several days to two weeks. In fact, being active as soon as possible is highly recommended so help in prevent complications such as pneumonia, thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. No diet restrictions are associated with this method of repair.
Complications
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As with any operation, there are complications that can occur during or after the procedure has been completed. During surgery there can be a chance of damage to the bladder, intestines and surrounding blood vessels and nerves. It is not unusual for a patient to experience difficulty urinating after this surgery and may require a catheter.
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