The History of the Tooth Brush

Tooth brushes are the most commonly used instrument for oral hygiene. The contemporary toothbrush style has evolved from its earlier designs, now identifiable by a long handle and small head with bristles. Recommended for use by the American Dental Association, the toothbrush provides many oral health benefits, costs only a few dollars and comes in a diverse selection of styles.

History

The earliest versions of tooth brushes were thin wooden twigs used by ancient Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations, dating back to 3,500 B.C. These "chew sticks" had a bristle-like edge on one end to help clean between the teeth. The toothbrush, as it is now known in modern times, was invented in 15th Century China. It was made of animal bone, bamboo and hog hair bristles. As the toothbrush was introduced into Europe, new variations were made with softer bristles made from horsehair and feathers. In the late-1800s, toothbrush products were widespread in America, with the electric toothbrush following less than 100 years later. The invention of nylon in the 1950s initiated technological advances to toothbrush bristles, improving product function and public interest in strong oral hygiene.

Types

Contemporary toothbrushes maintain the same fundamental design as the earliest instruments, with a long, sturdy hand grip and a frayed or bristled feature on one end. Now made of plastic and nylon, current toothbrushes are available in diverse handle styles (angled, straight, gripped) and bristle textures (soft, medium, hard). There are manual and electric styles, varied head shapes (oblong, round, rectangular) and colorful handle designs.

Benefits

Using a tooth brush routinely provides many oral health benefits. According to the Center for Disease Control, the "the mouth is home to millions of microorganisms." Brushing teeth properly (with an ADA-approved fluoride toothpaste) can effectively remove plaque (bacteria) and help prevent gingivitis, gum disease and teeth cavities. The American Dental Association recommends brushing teeth in a healthy manner twice a day. Pair toothbrush usage with regular flossing, dental exams, mouth wash and a nutritious diet for optimum oral health. In addition to health benefits, using a toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste can help brighten teeth, promoting a youthful, attractive smile.

Misconceptions

Tooth brushes are commonly used for many months. However, the ADA advises against long-term toothbrush use, as bristles wear down over time, making them less effective. Replace adult toothbrushes every three to four months and a child's toothbrush more frequently. Do not share toothbrushes with other household members, as the exchange of bacteria can increase the risk of mouth infections.

Expert Insight

Cleaning tooth brushes after each use will help maintain device effectiveness. Rinse manual tooth brush in clean water after use, washing away any residue toothpaste and germs that may remain on the bristles. Follow the manufacturers' instructions for the proper cleaning of an electric tooth brush. Store toothbrush upright, allowing the bristles to air-dry until the next use. Never store a tooth brush in an air-tight container, as this accelerates bacteria growth on the bristles.

Resources

• Library of Congress: Toothbrush Facts