- Sterilization is a safe and effective choice for adults who are certain that they do not want children. This procedure is intended to be permanent. Male sterilization is called vasectomy, and female sterilization is called tubal ligation. Vasectomy involves blocking two specific sperm pathways called vasa differentia. Once the vasa differentia is cut, sperm cannot enter seminal fluid and ejaculation cannot cause pregnancy. Vasectomy is nearly 100 percent effective against pregnancy. It is essential that a secondary form of birth control is used during the first three months post-vasectomy while the incision and tubes heal; sperm may find their way into the seminal fluid during this time. Rarely, men experience problems achieving erection after the procedure.
- Tubal ligation involves severing, tying and possibly clamping a woman's fallopian tubes. This prevents the egg released during ovulation from passing through the fallopian tubes. Under these circumstances, pregnancy is virtually impossible. Rarely, the tubes will reconnect. Planned Parenthood says that 1 of 3 women who become pregnant after tubal ligation experience ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy, pregnancy existing outside of the womb and usually inside the fallopian tubes, is a medical emergency. The embryo must be removed immediately.
- A condom is a thin protective-material that covers the penis during intercourse. Semen released during intercourse is intercepted and stored in a reservoir at the tip of the condom. Condoms are usually made of latex. Condoms made of alternative materials, such as polyurethane, are available in case of latex allergy. According to Planned Parenthood, 2 of every 100 women who correctly use condoms each time they have sex will become pregnant annually. Condoms offer protection against most sexually transmitted diseases as well. Since condoms are completely non-invasive and non-hormonal, they are perfectly safe to use.
- Hormonal forms of contraception include the pill, the shot and some Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs). The birth control pill requires routine use to work. These pills contain hormones such as progesterone and estrogen. Developing blood clots is a risk for women who use hormonal birth control. Women who smoke have a greater risk. Spermacides have a high failure--rate; Planned Parenthood reports 15 of 100 women who use spermicide as directed will become pregnant.
