- Heart defects are generally diagnosed by a pediatric cardiologist by an electrocardiogram or an echocardiogram. Heart defects can also be diagnosed before birth with an ultrasound, usually between 16 and 22 weeks in utero. An ultrasound is routinely given to pregnant women to monitor development of the fetus and to screen for any developmental abnormalities. If caught early enough, some heart defects can even be treated while in utero with surgery or other treatments.
- The cause of fetal heart problems can be genetic or environmental. If there is a family history of heart problems, tests can be done before pregnancy or early in pregnancy to determine risk factors of passing on these diseases. Environmental factors such as exposure to toxic substances such as paint fumes, certain medications, or the presence of diabetes in the mother are also a cause of fetal heart problems. Being overweight or obese in pregnancy can also contribute to the chances of an infant developing heart defects.
- Taking plenty of folic acid during pregnancy, avoiding toxic solvents and fumes, avoiding people with flu or fever, and adequate prenatal care all can contribute to a healthy pregnancy. It is also important to stop smoking and avoid any contact with secondhand smoke while pregnant.
