Cost-Saving Construction Techniques

The cost of constructing and operating a building continues to be a critical issue facing building owners and proponents of affordable housing. While costs can be reduced through obvious techniques such as the use of cheaper materials and finishes, the use of cost-saving construction strategies can have an even greater effect on prices.

Efficient Framing Systems

A 1994 publication by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provides a number of techniques aimed at reducing the cost of framing a structure while maintaining a high level of safety. One method is an in-line framing system. This means framing members are positioned directly above those on lower floors, thereby reducing the amount of framing and bracing that's required. Less material means less weight on the structure, which can help the building last longer while requiring simpler footers and foundations.

This publication also recommends placing studs at 24 inches on center, rather than the customary 16 inches. This technique will reduce material and labor costs while having little to no effect on structural integrity. Other suggestions include switching to smaller framing members, lowering ceiling heights and replacing three-stud corners with two-stud versions supplemented by drywall clips.

Prefabricated Wall Systems

While most buildings in the United States are constructed using stick framing, it is often cheaper to use prefabricated wall panels instead. Traditional closed-panel varieties contain framing, insulation, drywall and all utility rough-ins pre-installed at the factory. The panels are delivered to the site and set in place, greatly reducing the cost of labor. Open-panel versions allow utilities to be installed on-site, which may be required for local permits and inspections.

Another option is to use structural insulated wall panels (SIPs). This relatively new product contains foam insulation surrounded by sheets of plywood or strand board. They are used in lieu of traditional framing members to construct walls, floors and ceilings and may be painted or covered with drywall. SIPs provide a high level of insulation, which can further reduce costs in the future by minimizing energy losses and lowering utility bills.

Reclaimed Materials

Using reclaimed or recycled materials is one of the most effective techniques for saving money on construction. Salvage facilities often have such products as brick, concrete blocks, lumber, doors, windows and other building components for a fraction of the usual price. In addition, you'll find a wide variety of paints, flooring and finish products to complete the interior of the building. Using reclaimed materials is not only cost-effective, but is a great way to green the home and reduce your effect on the environment.

References

• HUD Guide to Cost-Savings in Construction
• Buildwise Library
• Housing and Urban Development