Unix

Owners of Apple's smartphone, the iPhone, usually navigate the device by pressing pre-configured icons that launch files or programs. A user can also download a terminal emulator, a program that gives…

Unix systems include the "sed" command for managing and manipulating text files. Sed works by checking the contents of a file against a set of rules supplied on the command line, and then…

The Unix operating system uses permissions to control access to files and directories. In Unix, everything, including directories and hardware devices, is considered a file. The same permissions…

The Unix operating system uses a hierarchical file structure, like most other operating systems. This type of file structure has one parent directory in which all other directories are contained. In…

When the UNIX operating system was first created, the only way to interact with it was through the command line. Users had to type commands to perform any task. Today there are a variety of graphical…

The UNIX operating system uses the "Alias" command to replace an existing command with a word or string of characters. You can create an Alias for any operating system command, shell command or…

UNIX is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system based on the C programming language and was originally developed by AT&T. It uses a hierarchical file system and plain text for storing files. When…

Querying a Microsoft Excel document from a Unix shell command line operating system can be an efficient way to retrieve data stored on your network without having to go through the trouble of…

UNIX is a multitasking operating system -- an operating system that can run more than one program at a time -- written by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie in 1969. UNIX keeps executable program files…

Because Unix is a command-line-based operating system, there is no graphical interface for a user to work with. Hence, you can't double-click on folders to move around to different directories on your…

The Linux and Unix "grep" command is used to match one or more character patterns in a file or standard input. The lines that contain the pattern are printed to the screen. By default, if the pattern…

IBM's AIX UNIX operating system contains PTF files within the "/etc" directory. These files contain vital system configuration information and can be listed to determine what services are configured…

The C programming language can create complex pieces of software with many interrelated components. Setting up the C project is important to keeping things organized. There are a few minimum…

Part of the security of UNIX comes from its system of user permissions. While the root user can access or modify any file on the system, normal users are restricted to accessing files that they own.…

In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, group permissions allow you to specify different users' permissions for folders and files. This is useful if you have a large network of users who all need…

If you have secure shell (SSH) access to your Web server, then you will be able to flush the mail queue from the command line. On the sendmail server protocol, all messages are stored in a queue…

The pipe character is a Unix command that allows the output of one program to be piped into another program as input. It allows you to chain together multiple applications using a very simple…

AIX is a type of UNIX operating system. The AIX "kill" command is used to terminate a process that is running in the system memory. An orphaned process occurs when the program should have been…

Published in 1957, Fortran, an acronym for "formula translation," is a procedural and imperative programming language. Targeted towards scientific computing and numeric computation, Fortran is a very…

Samba is a service that allows Unix operating systems, such as AIX, to communicate with Windows-based networks. If the Samba service has locked up or is unresponsive, you can force it to restart by…

Knowing how to stop a computer program is just as important as knowing how to start one. In this specific case, COBOL is no different. Getting your COBOL program to cease operation under a controlled…

While you can view and amend, file and folder permissions within the Mac OS X graphical user interface (GUI), you can also use permissions from a Terminal. Using the Terminal with permissions is…

Grep and egrep are two very simple commands used in the Linux/Unix operating systems. Both commands are used in the terminal to search for a particular word or string of characters in a given…

AIX is a proprietary version of Unix produced by International Business Machines (IBM). AIX is a console-style Unix, meaning that all operations are done in what is called a "terminal" screen on the…

AIX is a Unix operating system for IBM workstations and servers. AIX uses standard Unix commands and is able to terminate its running processes, such as the Samba network service. Samba is a service…

Using the grep command in Unix or Linux, you can delete certain lines from text-based files. This is useful you have many documents that contain the word "delete" added to a line that needs to be…

The "grep" command is a Unix-based command that allows you to find a text or numerical string within a certain file. Grep can only be used, by default, to search through a single set of files within…

The secure shell, or SSH, command connects to remote computers running SSH servers. Users can use the terminal and execute commands on the remote computer from their computer. Secure shell sessions…

Adanced Interactive eXecutive, or AIX, is a distribution of UNIX created by IBM for use on many IBM workstations an servers. AIX uses traditional UNIX commands and utilities while adding its own…

FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator) is a programming language that efficiently handles formula calculations, but does not support an object-oriented style. FORTAN is primarily used to write scientific…

PuTTY is a utility for the Windows operating system that allows the user to remotely log into another machine using the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol. When logged into another machine, the user can make…

Fortran is a programming language designed primarily for use in writing programs capable of solving scientific problems. Although this was the primary purpose behind the creation of Fortran, it has…

The Linux operating system normally terminates, or kills, a task by sending it a SIGHUP command. This stands for "Signal Hangup" and terminates a process on the system. If a programmer has not created…

Cyberduck lets Windows and Mac users browse files and folders on their servers with ease. It allows simple uploading and sharing for users who run websites or just want to store files online. Many…

Compressing files you don't use on a regular basis saves hard-drive space. Windows users regularly compress files using a zip utility. AIX includes the Compress program to compress files for later…

The Ruby programming language provides extensive capabilities to manipulate data of various types. However, in some cases Ruby programs need to invoke external utilities included with the Unix…

Unix systems provide numerous ways to obtain statistics on directories, including the identifier (inode), permissions and size. The size of a file can be ascertained in different measures as bytes,…

The UNIX operating system comes in many versions and includes different features, depending on the type of system. Some are free and open source versions that sit alongside the commercial versions in…

When you use the free Cyberduck application on your computer to download files, such as from an FTP site or other file distribution service, you might want to cancel all your downloads at once. For…

While most programmers used languages such as C, C++, Java or Python by the dawning of the 21st century, some developers still find it useful to be able to work with older languages, such as Fortran.…

UnixWare 7, also known as SCO Unix, is a closed source Unix-based system. Although SCO Unix includes a number of graphical administration utilities, most system configurations must be changed on the…

C is a low-level programming language used to develop the Linux operating system. You can use the C language to write your own kernel modules or any other program that needs low-level access to the…

Cyberduck is an open source program for Mac OS X computers that can support nearly all types of Internet files. The software allows users to edit, receive and send files to and from other servers.…

Fortran is the "living fossil" of computer programming languages. It was originally developed in the 1950's to run on IBM's 704 computer. Fortran was not the first compiler, but it offered…

Unix time is a numerical representation of the time that has passed since January 1, 1970. This numerical representation is used in many computer operating systems. Unix time does not account for leap…

Unix forms the backbone of many servers on the Internet today, and many industrial-strength servers are based on the Unix operating system. Traditionally, Windows and Unix are the main players in…

The MySQL DATE function returns the date from a table field that contains either date or date and time information. The function takes one expression. This may come in the form of a table field or a…

The Vim text editing program supports three file formats that are used in UNIX, Windows and Apple Mac operating systems. It recognizes the line ending characters (line terminators), when a text file…

IBM's Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL) programming language allows users to process different types of data in financial and business software applications. COBOL supports the variable-length…

ZFS is a file system and logical volume manager for the Sun Microsystems Solaris operating system. It supports large size storage devices, such as 2 terabytes (2TB) hard drives. Power failures or…

If you cannot edit a file or a folder in Linux, you may not have the correct permissions set for that data. Linux is well-respected among the computer programming community because it allows you to…

Long before Windows, there was UNIX. Since its release by Bell Labs in 1969, UNIX continues to be one of the most important platforms in the computing industry. In 1991, Linus Torvalds created Linux,…

The "grep" command is a small terminal application included in almost all Linux, BSD and UNIX distributions. It makes use of these operating systems' ability to chain commands together and pipe the…

The Unix, Linux and Mac OS X command to unzip archives from the terminal is named, appropriately enough, "Unzip." Unzip has a wealth of options that you can read about by typing "man unzip" into your…

Unix users can store information temporarily on the console using environment variables. This is useful for creating scripts that automate a task for later. Some environment variables even have…

Though experts have long predicted the demise of COBOL, the Common Business-Oriented Language for computer programming, it remains widely used as of early 2011. The staying power of the language,…

PHP code is used on websites to both display information and to interact with backend technologies, such as databases. PHP can also be used to execute calculations, such as displaying "yesterday's…

Gunzip is a Linux and Unix utility used to unzip files compressed in the gzip format. Although the gzip format differs from the zip format, gunzip can extract single-member zip archives, as gzipped…

The programming language COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) is used for data processing, analysis and reporting in financial and business software applications. It includes a wide range of…

Unix is a computer operating system initially developed in 1969. Since then, many variants of Unix have been developed, including GNU/Linux and OpenSolaris. One of the most important components of the…

Unix is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a small group of workers from AT&T Bell Labs. It has applications in nearly every field of computer science and can be found on…

Modern Unix and Linux machines come with graphical user interfaces (GUI), but they were designed, first and foremost, to be used from the command line. As a consequence, some of the most powerful Unix…

Reflection X is a program developed by Attachmate that gives you secure access to text-based and graphical applications on UNIX systems for any Windows desktop, including Windows 7. Reflection X also…

Advanced Interactive eXecutive (AIX) was a series of UNIX flavors distributed by IBM for a number of product lines. Like all UNIX systems, multiple users are able to connect either using a TTY…

SCO Unix provides two main tools for monitoring and troubleshooting. The System Monitor displays information about the system hardware and its current performance, including the CPU, RAM, hard drive…

AIX is IBM's flavor of the Unix Operating System. It runs on IBM's RISC processors and integrates AT&T's System V UNIX with enhancements from BSD (Berkley Standard Distribution) Unix.

The SCO Unix operating system includes a feature to forward printing services via the local network. Using the common Unix printing system, or CUPS, you can provide the services of one or more local…

The SCO Unix operating system has a main administration tool called "scoadmin" to control the system settings. The scoadmin tool is a text-based command line tool used to launch more specialized…

SCO Unix supports a technology called RAID. A RAID disk is a virtual disk composed of two or more physical hard drives. SCO Unix controls access to the RAID disk so parts of the data are written to…

UNIX was created by computer programmers during the late 1960s in an effort to provide a multiuser, multitasking system for their own use. The philosophy behind the design of UNIX was to provide…

A Unix-to-Microsoft migration can be tricky, but with careful planning and preparation you will be able to avoid most of the common pitfalls.

The UNIX operating system is one of the first computer operating systems ever developed. It can take years of training to become a professional in UNIX. This training must begin with a study of the…

Occasionally, an application or kernel under a UNIX operating system will need a patch to work with a specific architecture or environment. Patches are applied using the "patch" program that…

Computers store the current time in terms of the number of "ticks" that have elapsed since a certain date, known as the beginning of the "epoch." A tick is a metaphor for the ticking sound made by an…

A mirror consists of two or more hard drives containing the same data. SCO Unix has built-in tools to automatically manage a mirror for you, creating a continuously updating backup. A message is…

SCO Unix 5, and later versions, provide built-in disk mirroring. A disk mirror is used in providing a constant online backup by writing the same data to two or more hard drives at the same time. The…

UNIX is an operating system originally developed in 1969, but it later split into a number of branches, derivatives and new systems, such as Linux, that were written to allow UNIX applications to run…

Unix provides a technology known as domain sockets to facilitate communication between different processes and even different applications. One of the oddities of a Unix domain socket is that it…

If you are first beginning to use a Unix operating system, as opposed to a Windows-based OS, then you may be find the difference daunting. In computing, a "kernel" is the main basis for the operating…

Zip is a UNIX command that allows you to create compressed and packaged files from the command line interface. It is a useful command when you need to package multiple files together into a single…

Unix is an operating system that uses a command-line interface. A free and widely popular version called Linux uses the same commands as Unix. Both operating systems use shell scripts, or scripts…

You can use the "flar create" command to make backups or other types of archives in Unix. The command creates flar archives of specified directories or drives. It allows you to choose how many levels…

UNIX is a computer programming system used by companies to read files and directories from a database, which is where most companies store all raw data. One of the most useful commands within UNIX is…

The Unix join command takes two text files as input and joins lines that start with a common text field together, dropping other lines in the text files where they don't share the text field at the…

Windows, produced by Microsoft Corp.is far-and-away the most popular personal computer operating system in the world, controlling a vast share of the personal computer operating system market.…

In old versions of Unix, you can display information about the boot disk by typing the "bootinfo" command. In modern Unix systems, you replace this with "parted."

Security permissions are the backbone of any operating system. In UNIX, when you attempt to manipulate a file or directory, the operating system determines what type of security permissions the file…

The Unix date command has been designed to display the system date and time, read directly from the operating system's kernel clock. The output of the date command can be displayed according to a wide…

The SCO Group owns the rights to the Unix source code developed by AT&T/Bell Labs and maintains all versions of SCO Unix. Windows NT and above support shared printers available to Unix hosts. This…

The UNIX system time, commonly referred to as the UNIX epoch, is calculated using the number of seconds since the start of January 1st, 1970 UTC, not including leap seconds. Since UNIX epoch time uses…

SCO Openserver is a Unix operating system maintained by the SCO Group. Starting with version 6, the installation requires a CD-ROM drive to install the operating system. The drive will be…

SCO Unix refers to a series of Unix systems sold by the SCO Group. Starting with SCO Open Server 5, the system has included its own backup utility. The "cpio" program can back up to another internal…

The ZFS file system that comes with Solaris makes it relatively simple to keep a backup pool always running, even allowing you to attach and detach drives from the pool with simple console commands.…

Solaris' ZFS file system takes a different approach to storage management than most other file systems. Whereas Windows divides disks into C, D, and E drives, and Linux allows you to mount disks…

If you are working on a Unix platform and run multiple processes at one time, it can be useful to check on your background jobs. For instance, get rid of jobs that are slowing down your system and are…

Fortran was the first high-level programming language invented by IBM from 1954 to 1957. It was commonly used on VAX/VMS systems and is available on modern Unix and Linux systems. After writing code…

SCO UNIX is a commercial UNIX system often used for servers and other enterprise purposes. SCO UNIX includes full networking support and a graphical configuration tool for modifying network settings,…

The Unix "date" command is used to view or set the system date on the Unix and Linux operating systems. The "-s" option is used to set the system date. This option is followed by a string…

The Lexmark X5150 is a thermal ink-jet printer that is capable of printing in both color and black and white formats. It has a 4-color ink loader and operates at a noise level of 48 dBA, which is…

Computer forensics involves scanning a computer system or device to determine the current state of that device, and this information is often used as evidence for law enforcement officials. Computer…

It some situations, it may be advantageous to take a long stream of characters from a text file and reformat them, so no more than a given number of characters appear on a single line. In other words,…

The Zettabyte File System (ZFS) by Sun Microsystems has generated a lot of buzz since its release in 2004. It works natively under the Solaris and FreeBSD Unix-based operating systems; as of October…

The Oracle Database is enterprise database software that complies with the SQL standard for interacting with a database. Oracle stores date information in the form of month, day, year, hour, minute…

The various UNIX Operating System versions like BSD, Solaris, AT&T, HP-UX and Berkley all adhere to a similar system architecture. Breaking down the operating system into a series of interconnect…

UNIX is an open-source operating system. It is used by many engineering, research and design institutions. It is not very intuitive, but once learned it provides more control over your computer than…

The UNIX system is a large part of everyday life. As the Open Group website points out, life as we know it would be radically different if it were ever to disappear. Email as we know it would not…

When editing binary data files or executable program files, it is often necessary to use hexadecimal viewer. Standard text editors interpret control characters like line feeds, carriage returns, and…

Zip formats are compressed archives that store any number of files and folders. These files are compressed to reduce the size of their file using a format known as "zip." The built-in Unix "unzip"…

The Unix command line provides access an extensive list of software tools designed to maximize command line efficiency. The Screen command features the ability to open an application or process and…

The Unix operating system is an open operating system that allows users to fully customize and optimize their computer's interface. When using Unix, users must, essentially, build their computer's…

The "diff" is used in the Unix and Linux operating systems to locate the differences between two text files. It was created so Unix developers could quickly compare two source code files and locate…

The Unix file system is different from that of Microsoft Windows. Additional partitions and hard drives are not automatically detected and configured. Instead, you need to mount devices within the…

UNIX is trademark operating system created in 1969 by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and others working at AT&T Bell Labs. UNIX is designed as a multiuser, multitask operating system and was first used…

"Z" files consist of any number of files that have been compressed together into one file using the Unix/Linux "compress" utility. Compressing a group of files using the "compress" command creates…

Unix systems support a large number of file compression utilities that vary in the extent of compression provided. The Gzip utility creates GZ files that have a relatively high level of compression.…

At any given time, a personal computer will have between 10 and 50 processes running in the background. These processes are programs and scripts that communicate between other programs and run…

The cron clock daemon enables the UNIX system administrator to schedule tasks for automatic execution at any time of the day or night. Cron is started at boot time, and reviews its schedule at…

The Unix "cut" command is used to locate and cut characters or fields from an input file. Unlike the "cut" command in Windows programs, "cut" does not actually remove characters or fields from the…

SCO is the owner of the UNIX operating system originally created by AT&T's Bell Labs. SCO's version of UNIX is the official UNIX, although there are plenty of other versions of UNIX available

Most businesses maintain computer systems that pass critical information between different platforms. Mainframe systems support legacy code and large core systems, while smaller client server systems…

CURL is a program for a variety of operating systems, including Unix and Linux, that allows a user to directly download or upload web page content from the command line. It's name stands for "Client…

There are three types of data compression formats commonly used in UNIX: .zip, .tar and .gz. The ZIP file format is most commonly used as ZIP files can be easily unzipped in a Windows operating…

The Unix operating system was created by Bell Laboratories in 1969. It's changed over the years but remains in common usage. Zip was created by Phil Katz in 1986 as a simple way of compressing files…

Zipping refers to various program methods that permit you to compress files and hence reduce their size. Before working with zipped files you need to do the reverse procedure namely unzipping. In the…

The Unix platform was invented in the 1960s and it is an operating system that operates on a command-based interface. Unix is known as a stable platform and is praised for its flexibility and…

Many old-time Linux and Unix users still swear by the 30-year-old Vi family of text editors despite its lack of a mouse interface. Fans of the Vi editor claim that, after an initial period of…

The Unix operating system, like any other computer operating system, gives users the ability to run programs in order to accomplish tasks. If a program becomes unruly or starts consuming too much…

Unix Print Services is a software application that runs on a Windows server. The software enables the server to share printers with non-Windows computers such as Linux and Unix machines. The service…

Unix-based operating systems such as Linux and Mac OS X use ".tar.gz" files to combine and compress multiple files for storage purposes and to easily transfer them from one computer to another. If…

Each task or application that is run on a Unix computer, whether started by a user or the system, is called a process. Each process is given a unique number (the PID) so that the operating system can…

On Unix and Linux systems, the "date" command can be used to create formatted date and time stamp strings for naming files and directories. Date stamps are useful in scripts and time-based, or "cron,"…

The Unix shell is the program that sits between you and the operating system. It functions as a command line interpreter and interface between you and the operating system. Several different types…

There are two types of variables used by the Unix operating system. They are the environment variables and the shell variables. Both types of variables are set by the system, the shell, the user or…

The UNIX sort command is used to sort ASCII text files. It can be used to sort files of any size. The command can even be used to sort more than one file and place the output into a single file.…

The UNIX command pipe works like a physical pipe. It connects two UNIX commands and thus facilitates a one-way flow of data. Like a physical pipe, which controls the flow of fluid, the pipe command…

UNIX is an operating system that has been around for decades and is quite different from user-based operating systems such as Windows and the Mac OS. UNIX has advanced security options and gives…

UNIX is a powerful operating system that puts a great deal of responsibility in the hands of the Unix Administrator. UNIX gives the Administrator, and the client, the ability to tweak the operating…

The Unix operating system is one of the most diverse and powerful operating systems ever devised. Created in the late 1960s, Unix provides a stable platform for many business operations globally to…

In 1969, engineers in Bell Labs came up with the idea of Unix, a multi-user scalable operating system. Unix evolved significantly over the past few decades to become one of the most portable…

The Unix Operating System was created using the C programming language. Therefore, there is support for C programming in every Unix and Linux operating system. Whenever you install a software…

Although there are graphical user interfaces available for Unix systems, it is still common to type commands at the terminal window. If you are coming from a Windows background, this may be a very…

Unix is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system (OS) created in 1969 at the Bell Laboratories. The term multi-user means that one instance of the operating system can be accessed by many…

Searching for an occurrence of a specified pattern of characters within a file or standard input is a common task for Unix users. The "grep" command handles this task. The search matches a given…

In Unix, all directories, devices and files are treated the same. This includes all of the Unix commands. As such, the commands are able to be manipulated in the same way as any other file. You can…

UNIX is one of many operating systems available for use on personal computers, servers and networks. Some deem it to be more efficient and reliable than other systems on the market. The UNIX…

One of the reasons you might hack into a UNIX computer is if you are a systems administrator or if your job is to investigate fraud or security violations and you need to figure out the password of a…

The Unix operating system contains three parts: the kernel, the shell and the programs. The kernel is the core of the operating system and allocates time and memory for programs while also dealing…

Troubleshooting a network can be a difficult task. Typically, only one thing is wrong with the network configuration; however, finding that one thing might take a lot of time and effort. The problem…

Even though it doesn't happen very often, there are times when we need to shutdown or restart a UNIX machine. The reasons for this can be varied; such things as a hardware upgrade would require the…

UNIX is a powerful operating system, but not quite as easy to use as Linux or Windows. If you need to set the time in UNIX, follow these steps to make sure you do it properly without disrupting any of…

Viewing a file in UNIX can help you find and fix errors while also allowing you to see the entire contents at once. UNIX has a few simple commands for viewing a file. Follow the instructions below to…

The UNIX operating system was developed in the 1960s by AT&T. Much of modern computing (including the Internet) was at the very least directly influenced by this operating system. UNIX offers a…

The UNIX operating system was developed by AT&T in the 1960s and has maintained a high level of popularity with users who demand an operating system that is more flexible and more portable than those…

There are a few different types of compression methods in UNIX. This article will show the basic types and how to work with them, including the commands to use. In all cases, compress the files by…