When your toddler comes home with homework from school for the first time, you may not know where to start. You want to set a good example for your toddler, but it may have been years since you've set your eyes on any homework, let alone helped a child with it. Here is how to help your toddler do homework effectively. more »
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A toddler is a young child who is of the age of learning to walk,Microsoft Encarta Premium Suite 2004 between infancy and childhood. Toddling usually begins between the ages of twelve months and twenty four months.aplaceofourown>, A place of our own During the toddler stage, the child also learns a great deal about social roles, develops motor skills, and first starts to use language.
Toddler (1-3 years old)
Physiologic changes
* Abdominal breathing, RR slows
* HR slows further 110-90 per minute
* BP increases 99/64 mmHg
* Brain develops to 90% of its adult size
* Middle ear infections still common
* Stomach secretions become more acidic
* Urinary and anal sphincter control becomes possible with complete myelination of the spinal cord (actually, babies are born with the ability to control their urinary and anal sphincter muscles. Check the page on "Elimination Communication" for more details.)
* In immune system, IgG and EgM Ab product becomes mature at 2 years of age
Toddler profile
* Gains weight only about 5-10 lbs. appetite decreases accordingly
2 years
* Doubles birth height
* Chest circumference greater than HC
* New teeth
1/2-3 years
* All 20 deciduous teeth are generally present
* Subcutaneous tissue or baby fat begins to disappear as child changes from a plump baby to a leaner, more muscular child.
Body Contour
* Tends to have prominent abdomen since his abdominal muscle are not yet strong to support abdominal contents.
* Has lordoses because he is a beginning walker. As he walks longer, this will correct itself naturally.
Developmental milestones
Physical development
18 months
* Growth has decreased and appetite lessened - "physiologic anorexia"
* Anterior fontanel usually closed
* Circumference protrudes, larger than chest circumference
2 years
* Weight: about 11-12 kg
* Height: about 80-82 cm
* Teeth: 12 temporary
read more at » http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toddler
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