There is a mechanism on the door that slows down the rate at which the door closes. Inside is a spring and a an air tube inside of the cylinder. As these "closers" get old, springs can wear out and/or the seals in the pneumatic system can begin to leak and fail. Your door slamming shut can either mean you need to adjust the setting on the closer or replace it altogether.
On the door mounted end of the closer there is an adjustment screw. Turning it clockwise will slow the door down, turning it counter clockwise will speed it up.
Another way to adjust it would be to adjust the the location/position of the mounting bracket.
If these don't work, you likely need a replacement. Be sure to bring the old one with you to the hardware store so that they can help you choose an appropriate replacement.
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Typically, I shift down 2 gears from what I am an for a steep hill. Again, brake fade is caused by over use of the brakes, so anything you can do to reduce the amount you use the brakes will help to slow down brake fade. If you have brake fade happening soon after replacing your brakes, get the rotors checked out by a professional, and ask for a higher quality brake for your next replacements.
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