Different Types of Soil Found in India

Soil is a living system. It is the very top layer of earth and used for plant growth and as a habitat for various organisms. Different types of soil are formed depending on the plant and animal life, the climate and change in climate, water and the bed rock that the soil is formed upon. India has six main types of soil.

Black Soil

Black soil received its name because it is black in color. It is also called regur soil or cotton soil. This soil is fine in texture and holds water well. It is ideal for growing cotton. It is formed from the breakdown of lava rocks, which contribute to the color.

Red Soil

Red soil contains iron, which gives it a red color. It is formed from the breakdown of igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is not as suitable for growing crops as the black soil. Red soil is typically found in areas of low rainfall.

Alluvial Soil

Alluvial soils are very suitable for plant growth. They are typically found in flood plains and near rivers. This is the most common soil type in India. There are two types of alluvial soil: bangar soil and khaddar soil. Khadar soil is new alluvial soil and is more fertile than bangar soil or old alluvial soil.

Desert Soil

Desert soil is found in dry, arid areas. It is typically very dry with high, visible salt content. These soils are red or brown. It is possible to grow crops in this soil with proper irrigation.

Forest Soil

This soil is found in the mountain areas of India. It is dark brown or black in color. This soil is relatively fertile, especially in the lower altitudes. It has a high humus, or organic, content.

Laterite

Laterite is a mixture of red soil and clay and is found in regions where monsoons are common. It can be used to cultivate crops, but requires fertilization. This soil has a low humus content.

References

• India-Resources
• Soil as a Resource