Science & Nature

Sonication is a ubiquitously used method of shearing open cells in molecular, cellular, microbiology and other laboratories. Sonication is useful as it does not alter the chemical composition of...

Cells are the building blocks of life. Plant cells can be one-celled organisms such as algae. Plant cells can also be specialized with each cell having a specific task with the cells working...

The cell is the fundamental unit of life, the simplest thing that can live. Just as all chemicals are made of atoms, all living things are made of cells. There are many different types of cells,...

Statistics from the National Kidney Foundation show as many as 95,000 people in the U.S. are in need of an organ transplant within any given year. The number of people who die while waiting for a...

Cells are the building blocks of life. Sometimes these building blocks stand on their own in the form of one-celled, or unicellular, organisms that are life forms in their own right. In other...

Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis refer to the growth of blood vessels. Angiogenesis is the growth most often associated with damaged or smaller blood vessels, while vasculogenesis generally occurs...

The structural levels of organization determine the different levels of development in the human body, specifically during their growth during pregnancy. The human body is organized from the...

Plasmodiophora brassicae is a protist, a micro-organism that develops inside plant tissue causing the growth of scabs or galls. It causes club root in members of the cruciferie (mustard) family...

The circulatory system is made up of various organs that produce both white and red blood cells found in the immune system. The lungs, heart, veins and arteries must coordinate to efficiently...

Thanks to modern technology, the motorcycle owner now has the option to buy a gel cell battery to no longer have the risk of spilled acid in an accident or during maintenance. That may not be the...

The spleen is an organ in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system maintains the body's fluid balance and helps fight against infection.

Battery cells can be divided into three major types: electrolytic cells, electromechanical cells and photoelectric cells. Most cells produce only a few volts, but some produce more. The term...

The nervous system is a cellular network that monitors the internal and external environments of an organism. The nervous system has two parts: the central nervous system and peripheral nervous...

You might not think humans have anything in common with fish, reptiles or birds. Yet all are vertebrates with immune systems that include white blood cells. Immune systems are developed best in...

Human cell structure is identical to any other animal cell. Each cell has common structures that allow it to function as it was intended, having the instructions located in the nucleus. Not all...

Stem cells are a special type of cell that can transform, or differentiate, into many types of cells. Stem cell research is being actively pursued in order to understand basic scientific...

The stomata are tiny pores in leaves that perform many functions for plants. They are a vital part of the process of photosynthesis, through their involvement in gas exchange, and the entrance and...

Stem cells have the capacity to many develop into different cell types. Some types of stem cells, called pluripotent stem cells, can become any type of cell in the body. Research into stem cells...

All living things are composed of cells. Animals are complex organisms made of an array of different types of cells. Animal cell research is an important area of biotechnology. Scientists use...

Stem cells are a beneficial topic of study because they have the potential to make major changes in several aspects of medicine. Learning about stem cells may teach us how to treat otherwise...

When speaking about cell balance, it is common to run into the term "homeostasis." A cell must maintain homeostasis, literally a permanent condition where everything remains the same. For a cell,...

A load cell is a transducer that converts an axial force input into a voltage signal that is proportional to the magnitude of the input force. The load cell circuit in the majority of load cells...

The idea of using the sun to generate a home's electricity has been the dream of many for years. Technological advances in the last decade have greatly improved the efficiency and pe- watt cost...

Laminin is a cell in our bodies with significant marveling characteristics that stump and awe the general public. It is a glycoprotein that connects tissues and aids in cell cohesion. The...

All living cells are protected by their cellular membrane which is made up of proteins and phospholipids. The structure of the cell membrane is very specific and not only protects the cell and the...

Solar panels convert the energy of light into electricity that can be consumed by residential, commercial, or industrial customers. Solar panels take advantage of the photoelectric effect to...

Tissue culturing is an important advancement in biological research that allowed investigators to analyze the growth, development and function of cells. To carry out tissue culturing effectively,...

Button batteries, also known as button cell batteries, are small, flat, round batteries designed for use in wristwatches, pocket calculators, hearing aids, cameras, TV remote controls and other...

While most active during bone growth, osteoprogenitor cells reactivate to repair bone fractures in adults and may become osteoblast cells during bone remodeling. From stem cells to progenitor...

The skeleton is the central element in the skeletal system, which consists of all the bones and cartilage in the body as well as the tendons and ligaments that connect the bones.

The cell is the basic unit of life. All human beings are made of cells. Although they are incredibly small, cells are also extremely complex. Human cells perform specialized functions and...

The cell is the smallest living unit. While all living things contain at least one cell, higher organisms contain a multitude of these components. In the human body, for example, there are around...

The science of microbiology has its roots in a very simple fact; All life is built on cells. This seemingly small detail is the main principle of cell theory, which has allowed scientists to study...

A major and fundamental difference between animal cells and plant cells is that plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells do not. The cell wall is not to be confused with the cell membrane;...

Technically, cloning is simply the creation of an identical copy of something. However, the term is most commonly used in reference to the copying of biological material or entire organisms. ...

Each type of cell has a set life span and when blood cells die, replacements must take their place. White blood cells only survive for a few days, platelets can last 10 days and red blood cells...

Epithelia are membranous tissues, usually in a single layer, but not always. They form the covering of most internal surfaces and organs as well as the outer surface of an animal's body....

A number of arguments can be made for and against the prospect of stem cell research. Most of these arguments revolve around the ethics of using embryos for the research and treatment of diseases....

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a unicellular fungus commonly known as yeast. This species of yeast is baker's yeast; it is important in the baking and brewing industries. However, this yeast displays...

Cell theory developed as a result of early observations under the microscope. Cell theory has three basic generalizations, according to the University of California at Davis. These generalizations...

Plant cells have a structure that separates them from all other organisms. While plant cells have many features that are the same as other types of cells, certain natural developments stand out...

Both plant and animal cells contain numerous organelles, specialized parts similar to organs in the body that allow them to function. Some of these organelles are unique to plant cells, giving...

All cells must divide to reproduce. In large, complex organisms, such as mammals, cells divide and die in a cycle that keeps the tissues of the organism rejuvenated. The process is called the cell...

New cells are produced by cell division. The two new cells produced when a cell divides are called daughter cells. When two daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the original cell,...

Onion cells are one of the classic choices for study in early levels of biology lab work. Easily obtained, and providing a clear view of cell structures, they allow a new student a chance to...

Muscle cells are designed primarily to allow movement of different parts of your body. This include both the external and internal parts of your body. One of the important internal organ movements...

A variety of cells within plants store food, transport water and nutrients and provide structure for protection and standing upright. Though too small to be seen by the unaided eye, these cells...

Although the process is called cellular respiration (CR), cells do not actually "breathe" as organisms do. Instead, they take in a supply of nutrients that they use for energy, and release...

Glucose is a tiny molecule of sugar. Glucose circulates in the blood and is used as energy for cellular reactions. Glucose is found in the diet in the form of carbohydrates. The larger...

Leukocytes are a group of immune cells that define macrophages, T cells and B cells. These cells comprise a group of immune cells called lymphocytes. Granulocytes also make up the group called...