If you've ever returned home after a long flight and found yourself struggling to readjust to your current time zone, you've experienced a phenomenon known as jet lag. Pilots, flight attendants and business travelers are the most common victims of jet lag, but anyone crossing time zones by air is at risk. While jet lag is temporary and it may seem like it poses little threat to your health, there are a number of adverse side effects associated with the condition.

Disrupted Sleep Cycle

Within your body is an internal clock -- also known as your circadian rhythm -- that tells your body when it's time to go to sleep and when it's time to wake up. Your internal clock adjusts to the time zone you're in, and jet lag disrupts its function. Essentially, your biological clock gets stuck in the previous time zone, which makes it difficult for your body to adjust to the current one. Depending on whether you traveled forward or backward in time zones, you may experience insomnia or excessive tiredness, respectively. The more time zones you crossed in your travels, the more exaggerated the disruption will be. Both insomnia and fatigue can wreak havoc on your life, as you may find yourself struggling to stay alert and focused, or feeling depressed or anxious. Insomnia also lowers your immune system, making it hard for your body to fight off infection. While these side effects are temporary, they are still a nuisance.

Stomach Problems

Many people who experience jet lag suffer from stomach problems in the days after arriving at their destination. This could include constipation or diarrhea. Constipation can lead to several complications, including hemorrhoids, fecal impaction, and in rare cases, rectal prolapse. In the case of fecal impaction, you'll need to see a doctor to have the condition treated. Diarrhea is not only uncomfortable, but it can also dehydrate you. Dehydration can lead to serious complications, including swelling of the brain, seizures, low blood volume, kidney failure and even death. Drinking plenty of water will prevent dehydration. If your diarrhea does not subside within a few days after flying, consult a doctor.

Soreness

Muscle soreness is commonly associated with jet lag, but is a relatively harmless complication. You may notice your body feels stiffer than usual for a few days after your flight, but the soreness should subside on its own.

Heart Attack and Stroke

In extremely rare cases, the variations in the circadian rhythm have been known to cause heart attacks and strokes. The other side effects of jet lag can cause your stress levels to spike, which could trigger a heart attack if you have high blood pressure or a diagnosed heart condition. Refraining from alcohol during your flight could reduce your risks. If you are in good health it is highly unlikely you will experience either of these dangers.

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