Variegated Ribbon Grasses

Variegated ribbon grass (Phalaris arundinacea var. picta) is a unique variation of the common, ornamental ribbon grass species (P. arundinacea). It is a member of the Poaceae family, which encompasses a diverse collection of grassy plant taxa. Alternate common names for this species include reed canary grass and gardener's garters. This variation of ribbon grass is currently the only type of variegated ribbon grass that is cultivated and distributed publicly.

Characteristics

The height of variegated ribbon grass is directly related to its exposure to sunlight. It only grows to about 1 foot in shady areas with a few hours of sunlight per day. Its maximum height increases with its daily dose of sunlight, up to a maximum height of 3 feet. The long, narrow leaves have solid vertical stripes that they bear a strong resemblance to ribbons or garters. The color variations of young plants include white or light pink, but older plants only display solid white stripes. The flowers of ribbon grass are supported by short stalks and are often hidden by the plant's leaves. They are not showy and often go unnoticed if they emerge at all.

Uses and Ecology

Variegated ribbon grass is often planted as an ornamental ground cover in landscaping projects. It constantly expands outwards from its growth perimeter until it fills up the space available. It is sometimes planted in barren lots or fields to prevent undesirable, weedy growth from emerging until a more valuable crop can be sown. It also has significant ecological value for wildlife. Its tall, bushy foliage supplies shelter for small animals and birds.

Environment and Habitat

Ribbon grass is extremely hardy and can tolerate various adverse environmental conditions. It grows well with almost any amount of sun exposure except for full shade. It prefers moist soil with good water drainage, but can grow in nearly any type of soil. Its primary vulnerability is to drought and prolonged periods of unseasonable heat. The long leaves are easily scorched without a sufficient supply of moisture. It grows in highly saturated soil that cannot support other types of grasses or ornamental plants.

Geographical Distribution

Variegated ribbon grass is native to North America and parts of Europe. It thrives in cooler, temperate climates and is approved for U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 4 through 9. According to USDA, ribbon grass currently grows in 43 of the 50 states. The only exceptions are the warmest of the southern states, including Hawaii, Florida and Texas. It also grows in the majority of Canadian provinces. Due to its expansive growth habits, the use ribbon grass is restricted in several states. It is completely prohibited in Massachusetts, classified as a class C noxious weed in Washington and is considered invasive in Connecticut.

Growth and Management

One of the main attractions of ribbon grass is its hardiness and low maintenance requirements. However, it does require some care and attention to maintain its viability and prevent excessive expansion. Leaves without light-colored stripes must be promptly uprooted and removed to prevent the emergence of additional nonvariegated plants in a variegated crop. Ribbon grass also requires plenty of water during the summer, particularly in dry areas with a low water table. It is also important to prevent the grass from exceeding its designated growing area, especially near wetlands and marshes, by established boundaries with stone, cement or wood.

References

• Ohio State University: Phalaris Arundinacea Picta
• U.S. Department of Agriculture; Plant Fact Sheet: Reed Canarygrass; February 2002
• Indiana Department of Natural Resources; Aquatic Invasive Species: Reed Canarygrass; October 2005
• U.S. Department of Agriculture; Plant Guide: Reed Canarygrass; Mark Stannard et al.; February 2003
• U.S. Department of Agriculture, PLANTS Database; PLANTS Profile: Phalaris Arundinacea