What Is a Pyracantha Bush?

The pyracantha bush ranges in height from 4 to 20 feet tall.

The pyracantha bush, also known as scarlet firethorn, is a hardy evergreen shrub popular for its colorful fall fruits. It is native to Europe and Asia, but is well-suited to the climate in U.S. Department of Agriculture zones 5 through 9. This bush requires little care once established and grows well in sun or shade.

Size and Appearance

The pyracantha bush grows between 4 and 20 feet tall, depending on the variety, and has a spread comparable to its height. It has shiny leaves and branches protected by sharp thorns. Pyracantha has a sprawling natural growth habit but can be trained to grow in a variety of forms. In spring, the bushes are covered in small white flowers. These are replaced by 1/4-inch reddish-orange berries in late summer or early fall. The berries are edible and can sometimes be used to make jelly.

Landscape Uses

This bush can be used in a host of ways, depending on how much work the gardener is willing to do to achieve the desired form. It can be trained to adorn a wall as an espalier with the proper attention. Pyracantha can also be treated as a vine or colorful specimen planting. Plant on a slope and allow the shrub to grow freely for a near maintenance-free splash of color. Planted closely together, pyracantha makes an attractive hedge. The smallest varieties even make an effective woody ground cover.

Growing Conditions

The pyracantha bush is not at all particular about its growing conditions. The plant produces the most fruit in full sun, but will also do well in shady spots. It thrives in dry soil and isn't fussy about the nutrient level in the selected location. Pyracantha fares fine in soil with less than perfect drainage, though constantly soggy conditions may lead to root rot.

Routine Care

Frequent, deep watering during dry conditions is beneficial to the pyracantha bush. This is not a requirement for the plant's survival, but will help to ensure plentiful blooms and fruit. Fertilizing is not necessary unless the plants are struggling to recover from heavy damage. Regular pruning, even of bushes allowed to grow in their natural form, is necessary to eliminate unsightly or dead growth and to maintain an attractive form. Trim older branches after the blooms fade and shape new growth as it emerges.

References

• Floridata; Pyracantha Coccinea; Jack Scheper; October 2005
• Texas A&M University: Pyracantha
• University of California: Pyracantha
• University of Arizona Extension: Pyracantha Species