What Is Tooth Plaque?

Brush and floss daily to help prevent plaque build-up.

Dental plaque is a sticky, whitish-colored film that forms on and between your teeth. If the plaque is not removed it can eventually harden into calculus or tartar, which are more difficult to remove. According to the MedlinePlus website, plaque is the major cause of tooth decay and gum disease. The formation of plaque often causes a fuzzy or furry feeling on the surface of your teeth. Plaque must be removed by regular brushing and flossing or it may migrate under the gums to the root of your tooth and cause deterioration of the supporting bone.

Plaque Elements

Plaque is a complex microbial community that contains epithelial cells, leukocytes, macrophages and up to 400 bacterial species, according to Dr. Susan Kinder Haake, professor of Peridontics at the University of California Los Angeles. Plaque also contains inorganic components like calcium and phosphorus, which are contributed by saliva. The primary bacteria in dental plaque are streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mutans and actinomyces viscosus. Following the attachment of bacteria to your tooth surface, the existing bacteria multiplies and provides a hospitable surface for new bacteria to attach to.

Causes

When you eat, bacteria from food releases acids that cling to the surface of your teeth. Foods that contain sugars or starches, such as soda, candy and milk are the prime culprits when it comes to acid production within the oral cavity. If left on the teeth, these foods provide food for bacteria to thrive in. This process results in plaque build-up.

Plaque Identification

One way to determine the amount of plaque build-up on your teeth is to use special detection tablets, according to MedlinePlus. These tablets contain a red dye that when chewed will stain the plaque. Each tablet should be chewed thoroughly, and then the saliva and dye mixture should be spread over the teeth and gums. Areas that turn pink indicate plaque. These tablets may temporarily discolor your lips, cheeks and tongue.

Prevention

Because plaque may cause tooth decay and gum disease, it is important that you practice proper oral hygiene to prevent plaque. To prevent decay, the American Dental Association recommends that you brush your teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste; floss daily; eat a balanced diet and limit snacks between meals; visit your dentist for regular dental exams and professional cleanings; and consider having your dentist apply dental sealants to protect your teeth from decay.

References

• MedlinePlus: Dental Plaque Identification at Home
• University of California Los Angeles; Microbiology of Dental Plaque; Susan Kinder Haake
• American Dental Association: Plaque