Signs and Symptoms of Prolonged Dehydration
Our bodies are mostly liquid and require water to operate. Simple dehydration occurs when we lose more water -- through perspiration, urination and breath vapor -- than we take in. In addition to perspiration fluid, we also lose small amounts of electrolytes, or body salts. Prolonged dehydration results in multi-system symptoms as our bodies struggle to function without adequate water and lacking important electrolytes.
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General Symptoms
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Most people with prolonged dehydration are fatigued with an overall generalized weakness. They may be prone to fainting. Their eyes appear "sunken" in their faces. Their skin is pale and dry as their bodies attempt to lessen fluid lost through perspiration. Because of electrolyte imbalances, they may have frequent skeletal muscle cramps or spasms. They may be confused and disoriented before lapsing into unconsciousness.
Cardiovascular Symptoms
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Dehydrated people often demonstrate low blood pressure as there is less fluid to circulate throughout their bodies. This low blood pressure is the reason that they may be prone to fainting. They usually have a pounding and rapid pulse or heartbeat, as the heart attempts to make up fornthe decreased volume of blood with increased delivery.
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Gastrointestinal and Urinary Symptoms
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Prolonged dehydration results in significant effects on the gastrointestinal tract. The lips are often chapped and dry. The mouth is also dry while the tongue is swollen. Their saliva and mucous is thick. Constipation frequently results and urination decreases or stops. The urine is often a dark tea color and very concentrated. If conscious, they will naturally complain of increased thirst.
Treatment
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Treatment of prolonged and severe dehydration is best done in a hospital setting, particularly for measuring the extent of body electrolyte imbalances. Fluid replacement therapy is administered intravenously and, if conscious, orally. Depleted electrolytes will be added to your IV fluids as necessary. Finally, in a hospital setting, the reason for the "prolonged dehydration" will be investigated and treated, whether it is overexercise, heat stroke, undiagnosed diabetes or something else.
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References
- WebMD Mobile; Dehydration (Adult); 2006
- "Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise;" Influence of Diuretic-Induced Dehydration on Competitive Sprint and Power Performance; Greig Watson et al; August 12, 2005
- "Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews;" Exercise & Sports Science Reviews; Caffeine, Fluid-Electrolyte Balance, Temperature Regulation, and Exercise-Heat Tolerance; Lawrence E. Armstrong, et al; July 19, 2007
- Photo Credit Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images
