What Do You Need to Put a New Operating System on Your Computer?

Installing new computer operating systems is more complex than typical software installations

A computer's operating system controls its interface, how it stores files and which programs it can run. Different operating systems provide vastly different computing environments designed for different needs and utilities. Changing the operating system can give an older computer new utility, and make a new suite of software available for use. Before making the switch, ensure you have these basic necessities for a successful OS refresh.

Installation Disk

Operating systems require some manner of installation disk. This could be a Windows installation CD-ROM from a retail package or a downloaded ISO file for a new Linux distribution. Retail installation media usually works without additional configuration, but installing an OS from a downloaded file or USB drive often requires creating a bootable version of the data. This process depends on the specific OS, and may require third-party software such as UnetBootin, Roxio CD Creator or NERO Burning ROM. Some operating systems have built in methods of OS switching that remove the need for installation media, such as the Windows Anytime Upgrade feature included with Windows 7.

Hard Disk

Operating systems files take up space on the system's hard drive, and the amount required varies by platform. Windows 7, for example, requires a 16 GB or larger hard drive, while Haiku only needs 700 MB for system files. Storing personal documents, programs and other files on the system after installing the OS will require additional space. Some operating systems have options for running directly on portable media such as a USB drive or CD disc, and do not require hard disk space for basic functionality.

Disk Partitions

If you wish to install a new operating system on a hard disk without removing the existing OS, you need a new disk partition to keep the two platforms intact. Many operating systems have built-in partitioning tools, including Windows' Computer Management and OS X's Disk Utility. Third-party programs such as Easeus Partition Manger and Partition Logic can also create new partitions. If you wish to overwrite the existing OS or have a second hard disk for the new system you do not need a separate partition.

BIOS Configuration

Users may need to configure the system's BIOS software in order to perform an OS installation. The BIOS runs at startup, and determines which hardware device to use when booting the system. To boot from an installation disk, the BIOS must access hardware devices in the correct order. BIOS access varies by computer manufacturer and motherboard model. Consult your system's user manual for specific instructions.

OS Specific Requirements

Each operating system has different memory, video and architecture requirements, and installing an OS on an incompatible computer will result in an installation malfunction or poor system performance. Check the system requirements of the OS you wish to use before attempting an installation.

References

• Windows: Windows 7 System Requirements
• Haiku: Release Notes
• Windows: Windows Anytime Upgrade
• Indiana University Knowledge Base: In Mac OS X, What is Disk Utility, and How do I Use it?
• Windows: Create and Format a Hard Disk Partition