Foreign Language Learning Techniques
Learning a foreign language takes commitment and time no matter the techniques used. There are a number of different approaches to learning foreign languages, and what works best can be a personal choice. To learn a foreign language you can use workbooks, study in groups, have a foreign language learning partner, study online or study abroad.
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Mnemonic Techniques
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The link method uses mnemonics to learn a foreign language. This method utilizes repetition and memorization methods for learning a new language. The learner links new words in the foreign language to words in his native tongue. For instance an English speaker learning French would possibly link the English word grump with the French grognon by picturing a a grumpy, groaning man. A related method is the Town Language Mnemonic. In this technique, learners relate vocabulary in the new language to places in a town the learner knows well. For instance, the learner would picture the foreign word for book with a book on the library shelf in the town or the word for bread with the local bakery; verbs can be related to the local sports center or adjectives to the park.
Natural Approach
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This method of learning foreign language was developed in the 1960s and separates the process into three stages; aural comprehension, early speech production and speech activities. The idea is to mimic how a child learns in his native tongue. The final stage is a total immersion method, with only the foreign language being used in the classroom. Study of grammar is de-emphasized in this method. Small groups, activities and visualization techniques are utilized more than direct teacher instruction.
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TPR and Silent Way
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TPR, or the Total Physical Response technique, relies on the use of direct commands to link language and movement. This kinetic approach requires the instructor to give students imperatives such as "Stand up," or "Shut the book." Physical responses are emphasized over rote memorization. With the Silent Way method of learning foreign language, production before meaning is the teaching philosophy. A phonics chart, manipulatives and self-correction are stressed over direct teacher instruction.
Community Language Learning
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Community Language Learning, or CLL, is based on a holistic philosophy of teaching and an approach that emphasizes communal or cooperative learning over individual achievement. The method moves the learner gradually into independence and self-confidence in her new language.
Total Immersion Technique
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This method immediately places the learner into the target language from the first class. There are two types of total immersion, effective and ineffective. In effective total immersion the teacher speaks the foreign language slowly and clearly and uses many words that are easily discerned as they often resemble the native language of the learner. With ineffective total immersion, the teacher speaks at a more rapid and more natural speed and essentially sets up an environment that most closely mimics the experience a learner would have in a country where the foreign language is spoken.
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