VoIP Protocols
A VoIP (voice-over-Internet protocol) system includes numerous components, which make possible for users to carry voice traffic over an IP network. VoIP brought many benefits in communication, such as low-cost phone calls, add-on services, unified messaging and merged of data/voice infrastructures. The real-time, H323, session initiation and MGCP protocols are the most common for the devices used today.
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Real-time Protocol (RTP)
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Every device uses the Real-Time protocol to deliver audio and video over IP networks. It sends real-time streams of data across a network and has two ports for communication, for media stream and other for control. In a VoIP session, there are two RTP streams in different directions. RTP is used together with the Real-Time Control protocol (RTCP) that provides control information about the RTP session. These RTCP packages include information about callers and quality of the call.
H323
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H323 is a group of protocols that determine four components: Terminals, Gateways, Gatekeepers and Multipoint Control Units (MCUs). It was one of the first VoIP protocols used for long-distance communication. When it appeared, it was used for multimedia conferencing on LANs, but later it developed into an international Voice over IP standard. Today, it establishes audio, video or other data communication between entities. It provides call setup, tear-down and forwarding, but its main feature is quality of service. This technology made possible the transmission of high quality voice and video content.
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Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
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Session initiation protocol is a signaling control protocol for creating, modifying and terminating multimedia sessions between two or more parties. It was originally made in 1996, but it developed since then. When a client makes a request, it sends it to the server, which sends a respond back to the client. SIP, same as H323, is the "intelligent endpoint protocol". It means that SIP has the intelligence needed to find the remote endpoint and to establish communication between devices
Media Gateway Control Protocol
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Media gateway control protocol is a control protocol that supervises and instructs the process of sending information to specific addresses. There are two implementations of the Media Gateway Control Protocol, both of which are named after the protocol group. These are MGCP and Megaco. Media gateway control protocol consists of terminations and contexts, where terminations are streams entering or leaving the media gateway, while contexts are created by the media gateway under command of the media gateway control. This control protocol enables separation of call control from media conversion.
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