Garden Composting Tips
Compost is the result of decomposed organic materials. Rich in nutrients and beneficial microorganisms, finished compost, also known as humus, makes garden soil healthier, resulting in more productive plants. Several factors influence the speed at which the materials decompose and the subsequent quality of the finished compost. Does this Spark an idea?
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Add Greens and Browns
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A healthy mix of kitchen scraps and shredded yard waste make up the bulk of organic materials used for backyard composting. These materials make up the carbon and nitrogen components of the composting process. Kitchen scraps, such as the stems, leaves and seeds of fresh fruits and vegetables, along with fresh garden greenery such as grass clippings or plant leaves, are referred to as "greens." These provide nitrogen. Materials such as hay, twigs, dried leaves and newspaper provide carbon, and are referred to as "browns." For a healthy mix of the two elements, use 2-to-3 parts carbon materials to 1 part nitrogen materials.
Oxygenate the Pile
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Whether the compost pile is open-air or confined to a container, the materials need oxygenating to speed up the rate of decomposition. Turning an open-air pile with a pitchfork releases trapped gases and creates an air exchange, bringing fresh oxygen to the pile. For a composting container, the container must be either rolled or otherwise rotated in order to mix the greens and browns, to oxygenate the pile. Turn the pile at least once a week for optimal results.
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Add Water to the Pile
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Though the greens added to the compost have a relatively high moisture content, that moisture is quickly dispersed during the composting process. Browns, which are dried materials, contribute almost no moisture. Keep the pile continually moistened by adding water every time you turn the pile. Do not saturate the organic materials. Spray the pile with a light spray just to moisten after turning it.
Keep the Pile Warm
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Sunlight and warmth promotes decomposition. Place your open-air or compost container in direct sunlight to keep the temperature over 90 degrees within the pile. The internal temperature of a compost pile can reach up to 135 degrees or higher; this high temperature fosters biological activity, which in turn speeds up decomposition. Should the temperatures in early spring or late fall be too cool for the open-air pile to maintain high temperatures, consider covering it with old blankets or black plastic tarp. Insulate a container by wrapping its exterior with blankets or insulation.
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References
Resources
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