About the Beech Tree

A grove of beech trees.

The genus to which the beech tree (Fagus spp.) belongs consists of 10 species of deciduous trees native to Europe, Asia and North America. Beech trees are characterized by their imposing size, smooth gray bark and shiny leaves. Cultivated species include the American beech (Fagus grandifolia), the European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and the oriental beech (Fagus orientalis).

Appearance

Beech trees can grow up to 100 feet tall, showcasing smooth, gray bark and green leaves that gradually turn to yellow, orange or red in autumn. The European beech is a slowly growing species that produces a broad crown of up to 50 feet in width. The American beech has a similar shape, producing slightly fuzzy, saw-toothed leaves and prickly seed pods. The oriental beech has larger leaves than European and American beech trees.

Location

American beech trees grow from southeastern Canada to north Florida and eastern Texas. The tree is a suitable for landscaping purposes in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 4 through 8. Both the oriental beech and the European beech are hardy in zones 4 through 7. Beech trees prefer bright, full-sun locations, but they will also grow in partial shade. Young trees are tolerant of heavy shade.

Soil

Beech trees require loose, well-draining and slightly acidic soil. The soil around the roots must be free of grass, which competes for water with the tree's shallow root system. Enough water to keep the soil moist to the touch is required. Water is especially crucial for young trees, which must develop healthy roots. In extreme heat, beech trees should be watered at least once a week. Large, established trees are capable of handling brief periods of drought.

Problems

Common beech tree pests include aphids and beech scale, an insect that can be particularly problematic in the northeastern United States. The insects form a bumpy mass on branches and on the trunk. Scale insects may be controlled with horticultural oil. A steady, direct stream of water is usually effective against aphid colonies, which appear on new growth. Most diseases are not serious if the tree has well-draining soil and proper irrigation. Application of a general purpose fertilizer each spring and light pruning in winter improves tree vigor.

References

• Floridata: Oriental Beech
• Fine Gardening: European Beech
• University of Florida IFAS Extension: American Beech