Alternatives to Funeral Cremation
Cremation is held by some cultures as the only option for funerals; however, in some cultures it is taboo. There are many alternatives to cremation, including more traditional options and newer, eco-friendly processes. Ways of dealing with the deceased vary but do not affect memorial services in general.
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Resomation
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The process of resomation uses water and alkali to reduce remains to basic organic molecules, creating white ash, which can be returned to loved ones for memorial. Resomation uses alkaline hydrolysis, which is similar to natural decomposition; however, high pressure and elevated alkali levels accelerate the process. A coffin is not required, but may be used for transfer purposes. In comparison with cremation, the resomation process is quicker, uses less energy and emits less carbon dioxide and mercury into the atmosphere.
Natural Burial
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In a natural burial, the body is placed in a biodegradable coffin or shroud and buried in a natural area. No embalming fluids are used to preserve the body, permitting it to be safely decomposed by the soil's natural processes. The body is interred in a designated green cemetery, becoming part of the environment's natural cycle. The land used for burial can be granted a conservation easement, which will protect it from future development.
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Promession
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Created by the company Promessa, promession uses liquid nitrogen and vibration to transform a body into an organic powder. The process starts by freezing the body to minus 18 degrees Celsius. It is then submerged in liquid nitrogen, which causes it to become very brittle. Vibration reduces the frozen matter to a fine dust, which is transferred into a small coffin made of cornstarch. Immediate burial is not required, as the powder does not decompose when dry. Interment takes place in shallow soil, which composts the coffin and powder in six to 12 months.
Traditional Burial
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Traditional burial is often assisted by funeral homes, which can manage things such as embalming, memorial services and purchases of cemetery plots. The body is treated with chemical embalming fluids in order to preserve it for funeral services. Traditional burial requires that the body be embalmed and placed in a sealed casket. The body can be viewed in open casket ceremonies if desired. The casket is buried in a cemetery, and the grave is often marked by a headstone or memorial.
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