Private Pilot License Information

Private pilots often fly small planes, like this Cessna 152.

A private pilot license is the most basic form of airman certificate in the United States. The Federal Aviation Administration issues this certificate to individuals who complete an FAA-certified private pilot flight training program. Many pilots use the private pilot license as a stepping stone to more advanced aviation certificates, although some do not seek further training.

Training

To earn a private pilot license, a person must undergo a minimum of 40 hours of in-airplane flight training. However, a person may complete her training in 35 flight hours if she takes lessons at a Part 141 training center, which is stricter and more organized than a traditional flight school. In addition to flight training, prospective private pilots must log 40 hours of ground school instruction. After completing ground and flight training, a person must pass an FAA written test and a practical skills test to receive a private pilot license.

Privileges

Per FAA regulations, private pilots may fly for recreation or transportation purposes. They may fly alone or carry passengers. Additionally, individuals holding private pilot licenses may fly either during the day or at night. However, private pilots may only carry passengers at night provided they have performed three "night" (one hour past sunset to one hour before sunrise) takeoffs and landings within the preceding 90 days. Additionally, private pilot license holders may perform "preventive maintenance" on their aircraft, doing minor repairs such as replacing tires or installing new seat belts.

Restrictions

FAA regulations state private pilots may not fly aircraft for "compensation or hire." This means they may not accept payment from any flight activities, including carrying passengers or property, performing aerial demonstrations or ferrying aircraft. Additionally, private pilots may not fly in "instrument meteorological conditions" -- in clouds or low visibility -- unless they also hold instrument ratings. FAA regulations also bar a private pilot certificate holder from performing major repairs or alterations, such as replacing engines or installing hydraulic lines, on his aircraft without being under the direct supervision of a licensed aircraft mechanic.

Exceptions

Although private pilots cannot fly aircraft for compensation or hire in most cases, FAA regulations allow them to accept payment for carrying candidates in elections as passengers. Additionally, employers can pay private pilots to demonstrate aircraft to potential buyers. Private pilots can also accept reimbursement for flying to business meetings or for employment-related trips, provided the flight is not the primary focus of the business activity.