Tips on Driving in Subzero Temperatures
Winter driving in subzero temperatures may be an unavoidable experience, especially for those who live in the northern latitudes. Not only can driving in subzero temperatures challenge the skills and stamina of the ordinary driver, it can be downright hazardous. A vehicle owner who plans to drive in subzero temperatures should conduct solid planning and preparation, use special gear and devices, and know what to expect in below-freezing conditions.
Other People Are Reading
-
Preheating
-
Invest in a plug-in oil pan and an engine-block heater or both. These devices, typically blanket-type covers, keep antifreeze and engine oil from freezing into a solid mass. An auto-starter device set for winter mode is a good alternative to blanket heaters, since it starts your vehicle every two hours or so and allows it to run for 15 minutes. The idea of preheating devices is to keep all fluids viscous and able to flow through the engine passages. Never attempt to start a vehicle without preheating in temperatures below minus-10 degrees Fahrenheit.
Component Conditions and Fluid Levels
-
Confirm the engine oil level is full and that you have the proper type and viscosity for your vehicle. Typical winter oils have viscosity grades such as W0, W5, W10, W15 and W25. The "W" stands for winter, and the numbers designate the viscosity of the oil, with the thinner viscosity starting with the lower numbers. Top off the radiator with the correct grade and type of antifreeze for winter use. Fill the power steering pump reservoir and window washing fluid reservoir. Check the condition of all drive belts, and replace any that are frayed or worn.
-
Vehicle Preparation
-
Clean all vehicle glass, including the rear-view and side mirrors. Replace the windshield wipers if they are split or cracked. Properly inflate tires for winter, if so prescribed by the manufacturer in the owner's manual. Confirm that headlights, turning signals, fog lamps, tail and brake light bulbs have full illumination and lenses are clean. Test the front and rear defogger for proper operation. Ensure your vehicle is properly tuned, running on all cylinders and the battery is fully charged and topped off with electrolyte -- for maintenance batteries. Carry snow chains for heavy snow and sleet conditions.
Spare Parts
-
Anything can go wrong on the road, especially in below-freezing temperatures. Parts made of rubber and plastic can break from brittleness. Include parts and items in your inventory, such as spare headlamps, brake and taillight bulbs. Stock extra fuses and a few relays. Component drive belts can freeze and crack, so stock at least one for each component, including a serpentine belt if you have this configuration. A plug-in direct current automotive tire pump or heavy-duty hand pump comes in handy for tire leaks, along with a can of instant tire fix. Confirm that the spare tire holds air.
Safety Gear
-
Stock extra jackets, pants, blankets, hats and socks, preferably made of wool or heavy denim materials. Include a first-aid kit, road flares, tools, flashlights and a dependable tire jack. Carry a fully charged cell phone with you, and if you can afford one, purchase a portable GPS device for emergency location purposes. Don't forget an ice scraper for removing glazed ice sheeting on the windows.
Driving Precautions
-
Drive at or below the speed limit, with an easy foot on the accelerator pedal. Ice and snow can send you skidding upon heavy acceleration. This also applies to braking, which you should initiate well before approaching other traffic or signals. Turn smoothly and gently into corners without jerking or over-controlling the steering wheel. Use the lowest gear for downgrades and upgrades, keeping your speed slow enough to have constant traction on the road. Monitor gauges and be on the lookout for the "Check Engine" light, oil pressure or alternator warning lights. Find a pullout and seek assistance or a repair station upon spotting any warning light.
Rest or Meal Stops
-
If you have to stop the vehicle for any reason longer than half an hour, for rest or meal stops, restart the engine every half-hour or less to keep the engine warm and the liquids circulating. Install a block or oil pan heater if you stay overnight or for several days. Inspect the vehicle components and systems before continuing on your journey.
Breakdown
-
In the case of a breakdown involving engine failure, dead battery, multiple flat tires or an obstruction impact, attempt to repair the faulty part with the tools you have on hand. If you cannot successfully restore the vehicle to running condition, call for help and give your map or GPS location. Set out illuminated safety cones or stands near your vehicle and raise the hood. Don't panic; keep warm with extra clothing and blankets, and keep the windows raised. If the engine runs but the vehicle will not move, use the car heater to stay warm.
-
References
- Photo Credit Goodshoot/Goodshoot/Getty Images
