Definition of Discrete Graphics
Discrete, or dedicated graphics, are graphics processing units (GPUs) that connect to a computer system's motherboard usually through an expansion slot. Discrete GPUs use their own random access memory, dedicated solely to the GPU for the purpose of rendering images for graphics-heavy applications such as 3D computer games. Discrete graphics differs from integrated graphics, which share system RAM with other hardware components.
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GPUs
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A graphics processing unit is responsible for rendering all images in a computer to a display, such as a screen or monitor. A computer can have an exclusive discrete GPU for all image processing, or have a combination that uses both discrete and integrated GPUs, depending on the situation. The two main companies in the discrete GPU market are Nvidia and AMD, which have both held the majority of market shares at various times in their histories.
Benefits
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The biggest benefit of discrete graphics is its dedicated RAM usage. Because of this, it does not have to rely on the CPU and wait for the system to allocate resources to it. Instead, it accesses its own memory for graphics processing, which means faster rendering. This is most beneficial with programs such as 3D video games, where a fast and powerful graphics processor makes for a better gaming experience than you'll have on computers using an integrated GPU.
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Drawbacks
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Dedicated GPUs generate a lot of heat. A computer that does not have enough fans or lacks an adequate air supply may overheat and crash with extended use of a discrete GPU. Also, on a laptop, a dedicated GPU can quickly drain a battery if the laptop is not plugged into an outlet. While many discrete GPUs plug into expansion slots which makes them easy to upgrade, these GPUs tend to be costly.
Discrete vs. Integrated
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Many new computer technologies combine the use of discrete graphics with integrated graphics, switching between the two based on the applications used at any given time. Most systems primarily use integrated GPUs, which has prompted a shift away from discrete graphics as integrated graphics improve. This is also due to the cost of integrated GPUs, which are cheaper for manufacturers and consumers alike. However, the computer gaming industry continues to emphasize a need for dedicated graphics, as hardware requirements for computer games prompts a demand for discrete graphics from gamers.
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