How to Fire Ceramics in a Kiln

People have been firing ceramics for thousands of years.

Pottery is one of the oldest crafts. Museums across the world preserve centuries-old pieces. In modern society, ceramic work, which can include pottery, is a common craft, leading to pieces that are decorative and functional. One of the most integral parts of ceramic work is the firing process. Not all ceramics are fired the same way, however. Knowing how to fire ceramics in a kiln will give you more control over your next ceramics project, no matter what type of project it is.

Things You'll Need

• Kiln
• Ceramic pieces
• Firing cone

Instructions

1. Inspect the kiln to ensure the kiln has at least 12 inches of space around the outside of it. Remove any combustible items from the kiln area.

2. Inspect the kiln to ensure a shelf in the kiln allows air to flow under the items to be fired.

3. Determine the type of firing that will be done. If the items you are firing are clay or green ware, they will need to go through a bisque firing. This process will remove carbons and impurities.

4. Place pieces to be fired into the kiln. Place shorter pieces at the bottom and taller pieces near the top.

5. Use a firing cone if you are using a manual kiln. The firing cone is necessary to assure that the kiln will shut off at the correct temperature. The cone will determine when the kiln shuts off. Digital kilns do not require a firing cone.

6. Fire 1/8-inch to 1/4-inch pieces in the kiln on low for one hour. Fire again on medium for another hour. The kiln will need to be on high for the remainder of the firing process.

7. Allow the kiln to cool down to room temperature. Do not open the lid of the kiln until the kiln has reached room temperature.

8. Heavier pieces will need to be fired more slowly. The temperature should be on low for two to three hours and on medium for approximately two hours.

9. Allow the kiln to reach room temperature before opening the lid and removing the pieces.

Tips & Warnings

• Place glazed ware at least 1/4 inch apart to allow for expansion.

• Digital kilns will allow for programs to be entered and saved for future firings.

References

• New Mexico Clay: Firing Your Manual Kiln