How to Use Wire Gauge
Choosing the right wire gauge is important for safety. A wire that is undersized may overheat and cause and electrical short and even a fire. A wire that is over-sized is not dangerous, but is painful for your pocketbook. Wire gauge is determined by the electrical needs of the devices powered by the wire. The breaker or fuse's job is to protect the wire from excessive current it is not designed to handle. Does this Spark an idea?
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Instructions
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Determine the type of wire you want to use. The most common in modern construction is copper wire. It is suitable for all wiring situations. You can choose aluminum wire for larger-gauge conductors that have a multi-strand core. Aluminum is less expensive, but requires special connectors.
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Determine what the wire is supplying power for. Some 70 percent of household electrical use is on wires designed for 15-amp capacity. This includes outlets, switches and lights. Small baseboard heaters and kitchen outlets need 20-amp wires. Air conditioners, dryers and water heaters need 30-amp wires. Ovens and electric stoves need 40-,amp wires. If the wire is powering a single device it is wise to consult the owner's manual for its electrical needs.
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Choose a wire gauge from the chart below using the wire type and electrical needs:
15-amp wire: copper 14 gauge or aluminum 12 gauge
20-amp wire: copper 12 gauge or aluminum 10 gauge
30-amp wire: copper 10 gauge or aluminum 8 gauge
40-amp wire: copper 8 gauge or aluminum 6 gauge
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Tips & Warnings
Never touch live electrical wires. Turn off the power at the source before beginning any work.
References
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