How to Use Theory in Neuropsychology

With a bit of research and planning, theory can be applied to neuropsychological testing.

Neuropsychology is a specific branch of clinical psychology that involves using various tests to better explain the relationship between brain functioning and behavior. Despite the standardized format of the individual cognitive and psychological tests, there is a fair amount of theoretical opinion on the part of the clinician when it comes to creating a neuropsychological battery. Neuropsychological theory is partly based on the choice to used a fixed set of tests versus a flexible set. Understanding how to use theory requires taking a look at why and how the data will be used to best serve the patient.

Instructions

1. Examine your patient data carefully and review the referral question. Following a fixed battery approach such as the Halstead-Reitan suggests a theoretical view involving a heavy reliance on general intelligence as the basis for neuropsychological evaluations. The Halstead-Reitan battery of tests covers major areas of cognitive, memory and emotion functioning. It can be used for a wide variety of ages.

2. Use the chosen theory, fixed versus flexible, and proceed. As noted, the Halstead-Reitan is a a fixed approach. Employ a flexible approach to choose proper tests for the patient. A flexible approach allows the psychologist to test the areas most affected. Begin examination.

3. Complete the examination using a fixed or flexible battery. Create a chart clearly displaying all of the results, and look for areas of deficit and strength. Allow theory to be the guide for interpretation by deciding whether to focus on individual profile, which follows a flexible theory, or comparing the individual to age-appropriate cohort, which involves a fixed theory.

Tips & Warnings

• Before deciding which theory of testing to use, make sure you have all of the tests needed and a quiet, private area to conduct testing.

• Neuropsychological testing is a complex field that requires doctoral-level training, a fellowship in neuropsychology and a license to practice psychology. Evaluations given outside of these parameters are not considered valid.

References

• "A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests"; Otfried Spreen and Esther Strauss; 1997
• "Neuropsychological Assessment of Neuropsychiatric and Neuromedical Disorders"; Igor Grant and Kenneth Adams; 2009
• "The Handbook of Psychological Assessment"; Gary Groth-Marnat; 2003