How to Grow Espalier
Espalier plants are pruned and trained so branches only grow in one plane, rather than in the round. For example, an espalier tree planted 1 foot away from a fence would have branches extending from the main trunk parallel to the fence. This type of growth pattern adds visual interest to a wall or fence and saves room in the yard. The process of growing an espalier tree requires effort over several years. Does this Spark an idea?
Instructions
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1
Select an espalier pattern for the new tree planting. Choices include U-shaped, palmette or fence pattern. In each case the tree branches are shaped to fit the pattern. The U-shape pattern has a main trunk with two goal post-type branches extending up. The palmettes have a uniform number of branches on each side of the trunk extending out. The fence pattern involves three or more espalier trees with branches crossing each other.
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Plant the tree about 1 foot away from the wall or fence. Excavate a hole large enough for the root ball and place it in the hole before filling soil around the roots. Orient the tree so the strongest branches are placed parallel to the wall or fence.
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Prune off new branches that are growing directly in the wrong direction in the late winter before the tree breaks from winter dormancy. At the same time, clip the tips of any branches that are at the appropriate length.
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Train branches that remain by pulling them into the proper position. Tie the branch into place using soft string attached to eye bolts or nails set into a fence or wall behind the tree. This is also done in the spring of the year when the branches are more flexible than later in the season.
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Check the string periodically through the year. Replace the string if it becomes frayed or broken. Loosen strings as branches grow, if necessary, to allow for additional growth. Pinch off any new buds growing in directions not part of the espalier plan.
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Tips & Warnings
A number of tree species can be grown as espalier. Fruit trees are often grown in this manner. The open growth pattern of the espalier allows more sunlight and air to reach the fruit, which can promote yield and the health of the fruit. Either dwarf or semi-dwarf trees work best.
