Instructions on Stick Welding

CLAMS can help you become a better welder.

Achieve successful stick welding, properly known as shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), by choosing the right stick. Proper storage methods, electrode diameter and flux composition also add to a positive stick welding experience. Electrodes knowledge is a prerequisite for stick welders of all levels. The American Welding Society classifies stick electrodes by standard codes imprinted on the side of each stick. The letter is "E" for electrode. The first and second numbers refer to weld tensile power, measured in pounds per square inch (psi). The third number denotes the welding position. The fourth signifies coating type and welding current (AC, DC or AC/DC).

Instructions

Choose a Stick

1. Pick an electrode equivalent to the base metal strength and make-up.

2. Match the electrode type to welding position and available power source.

3. Determine the joint design and set-up required; choose an electrode for the best penetration (digging, medium or light).

4. Choose an electrode with maximum ductility to avoid weld fissures on thick, heavy metal or intricate joint plans.

5. Always verify welding designs and calculations for the electrode type.

Remember CLAMS

1. CLAMS stand for current setting, Current setting, length of arc, angle of electrode, manipulation of the electrode and speed of travel. Current setting or amperage is determined by the diameter and electrode type. Choose the amperage according to thickness of material, welding position and finished weld observation.

2. Length of arc depends upon the electrode and application. Arc length should not exceed the core diameter of the electrode. An electrode's welding voltage diminishes if held too closely.

3. Angle of electrode --- the drag or backhand welding technique --- uses the flat, horizontal and overhead position to weld in the direction of travel. Use the push or forehand technique for welding vertically up and away from the direction of travel.

4. Manipulation of the electrode is the unique style of each welder. Observe other welders and practice developing the best method for you.

5. Speed of travel --- correct travel speed --- creates a weld bead with the width, appearance and contour or crown desired. Slow travel speeds create low penetration; extremely high travel rates likewise reduce penetration.

Flux Function

1. Flux, the outer casing that surrounds the wire of a stick electrode, decides how and where electrodes are used.

2. Flux ingredients burn when striking an arc, and emit a shielding gas that keeps the liquefied weld pool from contamination.

3. Once the weld cools, the flux develops a smelted material that protects the weld from rust and porosity.

Stick Storage

1. Low humidity is the best storage setting for many stick electrodes.

2. The storage temperature for many mild steel, low hydrogen electrodes is between 250 and 300 degrees Fahrenheit.

3. Eliminate excess moisture and recondition some electrodes by storing them at a temperature of 500 to 800 degrees Fahrenheit for one to two hours.

4. Follow manufacturer's suggestions for precise times and temperatures.

References

• Miller Welds
• Go Welding
• Hobart Brothers