How to Cite Uniform Crime Reports
How to cite Uniform Crime Reports depends on the college or professor and the style manual. Since citation rules are strictly observed, pay particular attention to wording, spaces and punctuation. Uniform Crime Reports are Internet-based government reports and generally cited as such.
American Psychological Association
When using APA style, cite the full name of the agency, followed by the abbreviation in brackets, and then the date of the report. In subsequent citations, cite just the abbreviation and the year. In the references section, cite the organization in full, the year, the title of the publication in italics, and the words “Retrieved from” with the URL without ending punctuation. An in-text example would read: Violence ... increased (Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI], 2012). A reference citation would read: Federal Bureau of Investigation. (September 2012). Crime in the United States, 2012 {italicized}. Retrieved from http://www.xxx
Chicago Manual In Text
Cite crime reports to the Chicago Manual of Style, or CMS, by placing the agency's full name and the year of the report in parenthesis at the end of the sentence, abbreviating the agency name in subsequent citations. Cite part of a source by placing a comma after the year, followed by the page number. When using the agency's name in the discussion, place the year in parenthesis after the name. But, when citing the agency as the source, use the year without parenthesis. In-text citations would read like this: Violence ... increased (Federal Bureau of Investigation 2012, 4). According to … the FBI (2012). In the FBI 2012, the trend decreased.
Chicago Manual References Section
Cite in the references section by placing the the agency, year, report title in italics, medium in brackets, location, the word “Accessed,” with the year, and the words “Available from,” with the URL and a period. A reference citation would look like this: Federal Bureau of Investigation. 2012. Crime in the United States 2012 {italicized} [Uniform Crime Reports online]. Baltimore. Accessed 12 June 2014. Available from http://www.xxx. Internet.
Chicago Manual Notes Style
When citing to the notes style, cite the reference as a footnote or endnote number immediately after the ending period of the sentence, at the end of a clause or before an em dash. Cite references by using the author-date format after the footnote number. Bibliographies that replace or follow the notes section use the author-date references section format, without numbering.
MLA
Citations using the the Modern Language Association, or MLA, style begin by including the agency name or the title in text. An in-text citation would read like this: According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, violent crime increased slightly in 2012. Cite in the works cited section by listing the agency, “title,” in quotes,” agency abbreviation, year, medium and date of access. MLA does not require the URL, but if a professor requests it, include the URL at the end in angle brackets. Format references in the Works Cited section like this: Federal Bureau of Investigation. “Crime ... 2012.” FBI. September 2012. Web. 13 May 2014. http://www.xxx {URL in angle brackets}
Council of Science Editors
Citations for the Council of Science Editors, or CSE, citation and sequence style, like the CMS, use a sequential superscript number for each citation, except that citation repetitions use the same number. Citations in the reference section include the entry number, agency (US) [abbreviation of the agency], title of the report, [Internet], location, agency abbreviation, publication year and month, number of pages and “Available from:” with the URL. A references citation, paying careful attention to order and punctuation, would read like this: 2. Federal Bureau of Investigation (US) [FBI]. Crime in the United States 2012 [Internet]. Baltimore, MD: FBI; 22 p. 2013 September; Available from: http://www.xxx
CSE Name and Year Style
In-text CSE citations are identical to the CMS author-date format, except for using the abbreviation for page when citing partial sources. Like the CMS style, abbreviate the agency name in subsequent instances. In-text citations would read like this: The report, … (Federal Bureau of Investigation 2012, p. 11). For both CSE styles, when citing to a bibliography section, use the references format, but without numbers.
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References
- Federal Bureau of Investigation: Uniform Crime Reports
- American Psychological Association: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition, Kindle Edition, Pages 210 to 211
- Purdue University: Online Writing Lab, APA Formatting and Style Guide, In-text Citations, Author, Authors
- Purdue University: Online Writing Lab, APA Formatting and Style Guide, Reference List: Electronic Sources, Web Publications
- Purdue University: Online Writing Lab, MLA In-Text Citations, The Basics
- Purdue University: Online Writing Lab, MLA Works Cited: Electronic Sources, Web Publications
- Purdue University: Online Writing Lab, Chicago Manual of Style 16th Edition, Web Sources
- Colorado State University: The Writing Studio, Citation Guide, Chicago Manual of Style, Notes System
- Colorado State University: The Writing Studio, Citation Guide, Chicago Manual of Style, Author-Date System
- Colorado State University: The Writing Studio, Citation Guide, Council of Science Editors, Citation & Sequence System
Writer Bio
John Huddle is an Army veteran with enlisted service as general hospital staff and hospital chaplain's assistant. His career also included stints as a teacher, adjunct faculty, administrator and school psychologist. Twice, Dr. Huddle was a major party nominee for state office. He also served as a director on several nonprofit boards. Today he enjoys consulting and lobbying for underdog causes.
