How to Introduce Marzano's High-Yield Strategies
According to Robert J. Marzano's "Setting the Record Straight on High-Yield Strategies," high-yield strategies are "classroom techniques that have research supporting their utility at enhancing student achievement." Marzano, a researcher, trainer and author, has developed a set of high-yield strategies -- a group of nine instructional strategies used to improve learning strategies in classrooms. He has written more than 30 books on topics relating to classroom learning techniques and learning assessment. The nine strategies are designed to improve student achievement at all grade levels.
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Instructions
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Identify similarities and differences. Students who comprehend similarities and differences in information attain a deeper level of understanding of the information. Thus, the students are better able to solve complex problems by analyzing information in a multifaceted manner. Teachers often encourage students to use metaphors and analogies in this step.
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Summarize and take notes. Marzano emphasizes the importance of summarizing information and taking good notes. This strategy promotes greater comprehension in students because they must learn to identify what's critical and eliminate extraneous information.
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Reinforce effort and provide recognition. This strategy focuses on teachers rewarding students based on standards of performance. Students should be rewarded or praised for their independent learning styles as well as their efforts in general. To use this strategy, teachers and students share stories about individuals who have succeeded by continually trying and not giving up.
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Vary the homework based on student grade level, and encourage practice. Homework is a great way for students to practice what they've learned. When subjects are learned, Marzano believes it is vital that students practice the topics and skills learned. Marzano also believes that in order for students to master a skill, it must be practiced 24 times.
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Elaborate on knowledge learned. This strategy emphasizes using nonlinguistic representations including graphs, mental pictures, physical models, drawings and kinesthetic activities. These nonlinguistic representations allow students to understand topics better through mental imagery.
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Work in groups. Cooperative learning is the sixth strategy outlined by Marzano. This focuses on working in groups. It promotes interaction between students by grouping them together for various projects and work assignments. It is important to keep groups small and that the group objectives vary by group.
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Set objectives and provide feedback. Students with specified parameters for an objective tend to reach the objective faster and better because they have a general direction to go in. Feedback is useful so that students can understand what they completed accurately and what they could have done better.
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Generate and test hypotheses. Creating a hypothesis helps the mental process by using analysis, problem solving and decision-making abilities. Comparing actual results with a hypothesis increases the student's ability to analyze a situation and why it occurred.
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Offer a preview to the students. By giving students a preview of what they are about to learn prior to learning it, students have the opportunity to connect information they already know to information they are about to learn.
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