How to Understand Your PSA
The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test measures the enzyme produced by the cells of the prostate gland. Your body secretes this enzyme during ejaculation, and a small amount is normally detected in the bloodstream. High levels of PSA in the bloodstream may indicate problems such as prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or cancer. Men 50 years and older should get prostate exams annually to aid in early detection and treatment of prostate diseases.
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Instructions
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You've Had a PSA Test, Now What?
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Obtain a copy of your PSA test report.
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Examine the report. PSA blood levels are shown as nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml). Although it is difficult to state definitively what constitutes "normal," doctors usually consider PSA levels greater than 3-4 ng/ml to be cause for concern. If your number is higher than 4 ng/ml, schedule a follow-up session with your doctor.
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Don't panic if you PSA levels are high. While high PSA levels may be indicative of a problem, they don't necessarily mean you have cancer. Several other factors -- such as inflammations, drug interactions and recent sexual activity -- may account for a higher than normal reading .
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Get a digital rectal exam. In the event of a high PSA, your doctor will want to do a digital rectal exam (DRE) to examine the size of the prostate. Depending on the combined results of the PSA and DRE, the doctor may order further tests such as a PSE velocity test, imaging scans and a biopsy. If no symptoms present, it's likely your doctor will schedule regular follow-up tests to monitor your prostate health.
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Tips & Warnings
Do not engage in sexual activity within 72 hours before taking a PSA test as this may contribute to false-positive results.
A PSA test is an important early-warning system for prostate diseases, but it is not a definitive diagnostic tool, nor will it necessarily help in the prevention and treatment of aggressive forms of prostate cancer.
