How to Set Up & Install a 12 Volt Solar Power Station
The basic solar power system contains four major parts: solar panels, a charge controller, batteries and an inverter. Output wattage of the solar panels will vary depending on their individual size, how many panels are wired together in an array and the average daily sunlight available in the geographic area installed. The charge controller protects the batteries from over- or under-charging and extends their life. The battery bank size is determined by the amp-hour requirements of your particular system. The inverter, which is optional for 12-volt systems, will convert the direct current (DC) from the batteries to the alternating current (AC) required for most devices. Does this Spark an idea?
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Things You'll Need
- Load calculation of system
- Inverter sizing
- Solar array sizing calculation
- Solar panel mounting racks
- Battery sizing calculation
- Electricians' hand tools
Instructions
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Analyze your site for the best possible location for your solar panels. Use solar maps to obtain the average number of peak sun hours at your latitude and longitude location. Depending on your location, an angle adjustment may be needed for winter and summer variances to maximize the production of the solar panels.
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2
Determine the total AC and DC power usage of the entire system. This total will be in watt-hours of consumption. If connected to a U.S. power system the total kWh for each month is listed on the monthly bill. Use this total to get the daily, weekly or hourly amounts.
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3
Determine the size of inverter based on the total amount of continuous wattage needed. Also a surge wattage amount will need to be considered. Refer to the inverter manufacturer's specifications to size the inverter for your system. For 12-volt DC systems, an inverter is not required.
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Determine the battery size based on the battery capacity necessary for your specific size of system. Battery capacity is measured in amp-hours.
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Install the system components according to the manufacturer's instructions. Several different types of solar panel mounting systems are available for consideration. Use the site analysis to determine whether roof mount, pole mount or adjustable rack mounts will be installed.
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Tips & Warnings
Losses in wire connections, sizes and lengths throughout the system must be taken into consideration when locating, sizing and installing your system.
Several rebates and tax incentives are offered for installation of solar power systems by local power companies and state and federal governments.
Sealed batteries are more expensive than unsealed ones, but require little maintenance or danger.
Always take safety precautions and wear proper safety equipment while using hand tools.
Follow all building codes and regulations for attaching solar power systems to the local power company grid.
References
Resources
- Photo Credit Solar Panels image by alessbonaventura from Fotolia.com
