How to Test the Sensitivity of a Smoke Detector

When testing in a business, let the fire department know to avoid unneeded visits.

Whether in your home or at your business, periodically testing the smoke detectors' sensitivity should be a high priority. Testing and inspection requirements for smoke detector sensitivity are dictated by the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) in the National Fire Alarm Code NFPA 72. Testing home devices is not as regulated as testing for business smoke detectors, so referring to the NFPA 72 for authorized testing methods is important for optimal results.

Things You'll Need

• Calibrated sensitivity test or other authorized testing equipment
• Step ladder or stool to reach smoke detector (optional)
• Vacuum with hose attachment

Instructions

1. Use the vacuum to clean all around the smoke detector. Dust can interfere with sensitivity, so clean as much of it off and around the detector as possible.

2. Use a calibrated test to check sensitivity, preferably a test approved for all smoke detectors. These tests often produce an adjustable, stable smoke created by a nebulizer. The Gemini 501-a is a good example of this kind of test. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions if they specify differently.

3. Compare the readings of your test with the sensitivity guidelines of your smoke detector. If they do not match, clean the detector and use the calibrated testing equipment to test again. If they still do not match, it might be time to replace the smoke detector.

4. Clean off any residue your test may have created. Lower quality tests may leave behind particles that can harm the detector or make it more sensitive than it should be. This makes the detector more prone to overactive alarms.

5. Test any other alarms in the facility or living space. Sensitivity testing should take place within a year of purchase of the alarm and alternating years afterwards.

Tips & Warnings

• Always follow the manufacturer's instructions. If they require you to buy a specific test for your alarm, then do so.

References

• Fire Safety Services Inc: Methods and Frequencies for the Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance of Fire Detection and Alarm Systems
• System Sensor: System Smoke Detectors
• Buildings: Answers to Commonly Asked Life-Safety Code Questions
• System Sensor: System Sensor Smoke Detector Inspection and Testing Guidance
• Fire Safety Tech: Gemini 501-a