How to Troubleshoot a GFCI Switch

When a GFCI switch is tripped, it can sometimes be difficult to track down the cause of the problem.

A GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interruption) device is designed to protect you and your home from electrocution and the risk of electrical fires. When a GFCI switch is tripped, it can sometimes be difficult to track down the cause of the problem. Problems can be caused by a number of items, but the actual method used to wire your home can be more problematic than a defective device. A problem which is not obvious could take some investigative skills.

Things You'll Need

• Screwdriver
• Flashlight

Instructions

1. Determine which outlets or devices are affected by the GFCI failure. A GFCI monitors the flow of electricity going out as well as returning to the unit. If these levels are different, the device will trip and cut off the flow of electricity. A single GFCI device can protect several outlets if they are wired properly. Often, standard receptacles are wired behind a GFCI device. This saves money on receptacles but still offers the same level of protection. For this reason, you cannot always judge by outward appearances which devices are protected by a GFCI device.

2. Remove all devices which are plugged into protected areas. Once you have determined which outlets are no longer receiving power due to the GFCI being tripped, unplug all items from these receptacles. Attempt to reset the GFCI device. If it takes the reset, the problem is in one of the devices you unplugged. Plug them back in one at a time until the GFCI device trips again. This will indicate which device is the problem and should be removed.

3. Remove the faceplate on the outlets in question. Using the flashlight, check the wires on each outlet. Look for any wires which have come loose from the terminals. Look for any type of corrosion or damage to the unit. Look especially for any signs of arcing (black marks which look as if the area has been burned). If any problems are found, reconnect the wires, or replace the receptacle in question. Then attempt to reset the GFCI device to see if you have eliminated the problem.

4. Turn off the power to the area and remove the GFCI device from the switch box. Remove any wires going to other receptacles so the only item receiving power is the single GFCI device. Turn the power back on and attempt to reset the device. If the device will not accept the reset, the problem is in the GFCI device and it should be replaced. If it will take a reset, the problem is in one of the other receptacles.

5. Turn off the power and re-connect the power to the extra receptacles. Begin with the last receptacle and remove the wires, capping them off with wire nuts. Turn the power back on and attempt to rest the GFCI device. Continue this process with each receptacle until the problem is isolated and can be corrected.

Tips & Warnings

• Always double check the power supply to be certain it is turned off before starting any work on electrical devices. It is best to turn the power off at the breaker panel to ensure the circuit is off.

References

• Consumer Product Safety Commission : The GFCI