How to Learn Pitching Signals by the Coach

Each type of pitch has its own corresponding signal.

In baseball, signals (signs) determine what type of pitch is to be thrown and where. Usually signals are given by the catcher directly to the pitcher. If the pitcher disagrees with the pitch selection he may "shake the catcher off"-i.e. reject the signal-requiring the catcher to call for a different pitch. Sometimes pitches are called from the dugout, usually by the pitching coach, who may use a mix of signals and oral cues. Signals can only be learned by repetition.

Things You'll Need

• Baseball
• Mitts

Instructions

Catcher Signals

1. 

   A pitcher may shake off a signal he doesn't like.

   Learn the meaning of signals put down by the catcher. Whether the pitch selection originates with the catcher himself or the pitching coach, signals put down by the catcher are the basic means of communicating with the pitcher. Standard signals include putting one finger down for a fastball, two for a curveballl, three for a slider and four for a changeup.

2. 

   Typically, one finger down means fastball.

   Understand the need for secrecy. Catchers communicate their signals from the squatting position, using the fingers of the throwing hand concealed between their legs in the crotch area. This prevents opposing coaches and players from "stealing" the signal and communicating it to the batter. There is a special risk when there is a runner on second base because that player has a good view of the catcher's signals. In these circumstances, usually a series of signals is given, with one of the signs being a prearranged "indicator" that the next sign is the desired pitch to be thrown. Sometimes, the catcher may approach the mound to call pitches orally.

3. Communicate pitch location as well as type. In addition to calling for the type of pitch, the catcher will use his throwing hand to indicate the location. For example, the catcher touching his inside left thigh is calling for an inside pitch to a right-handed hitter. The catcher may also use glove position and body language to ask for the pitch high or low in the zone.

Pitching Coach Signals

1. Look for signals from the dugout. Some experienced catchers call entire games without intervention from the pitching coach. In other cases, catchers and pitchers are expected to check with the pitching coach for signals before every pitch.

2. 

   The main purpose is to get the batter out.

   Strategize against the batter. The purpose of pitching signals is usually to get the batter out. In the dugout, the pitching coach may have access to analysis of a batter's strengths and weaknesses, and may wish to communicate this to his catcher and pitcher. He might, for example, call for a dangerous hitter to be pitched inside to move him off the plate.

3. 

   Both the pitcher and catcher must understand the coaches' signals.

   Use your imagination. Pitching coaches can develop highly elaborate signal systems with their catchers and pitchers. Sometimes ordinary-sounding oral remarks can have a hidden meaning. Some coaches use a "wipe out" signal to indicate that previous signs are no longer operative and a new sequence is about to start. Both catchers and pitching coaches often use sequences of signals, with an extra sign-perhaps a physical gesture-indicating which signal is valid, or the "hot one" as it is known.

References

• "Baseball Strategies"; Jack Stallings and Bob Bennett; 2003

Resources

• Read this Article in Spanish