How to Make 3D Round Handrail in CAD
The most effective and accurate method of creating three-dimensional models is using computer aided design (CAD) with programs such as AutoCAD. Architectural details such as handrails make the most realistic models, providing a sense of scale and depth. However, handrails can be difficult to construct in CAD, if you do not know a couple of helpful tools or commands.
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Instructions
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Model the other elements of your design in CAD, such as the walls, floors, stairs, roof, doors and windows. Place each element type on a separate layer. For example, the walls should be on a layer named "Walls" or by the level and discipline--"A-Walls-FirstFloor." Use different colors for each of the element types so you do not confuse one element with another.
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Draw the center line of the handrails using the line tool. Use care as CAD will often misplace an endpoint in space. The easiest way to alleviate this problem is to extrude an oblong box to the height you desire the handrail, then connect the line to the top corner or midpoint of the oblong using the object select tools. These oblongs can remain in the model as handrail stanchions, if you like.
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Draw a circular or oval section profile for the handrails. Create as much handrail profile detail as you feel is necessary for the model's phase and scale. For example, exterior handrails from across a street or lawn would not need a high level of detail. Instead, the handrail would be modeled using simple circles for profiles.
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Select the handrail profile. Click or type "Extrude," and choose "Path." Select all of the handrail center lines, and press "Return" or "Enter." Many CAD programs use a tool called "Sweep" or "Loft." If your CAD program does not provide "Extrude," find and use one of these other tools--the steps will be exactly the same.
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Put all handrails on one layer, perhaps named "Handrails." Again, this will provide clarity in confusing model views. This method also helps when you need to select only the handrails to change the rails' color, material or other attribute.
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Tips & Warnings
Review your computer model from different sides to ensure you have not misplaced or misaligned parts of the structure--working on a three-dimensional model using a two-dimensional screen is limiting and sometimes difficult.
Detailed handrails that require guards to deny the body from passing under the rail can be drawn in profile with multiple horizontal, circular or square guardrails sections. Guardrails should be approximately 4 inches apart for residential models or 8 inches apart for all other types of models. However, these guards can stop 6 inches above the floor, stair tread, or ramp in all building types, if needed.
References
- Photo Credit stone stairs and tower. image by peejay from Fotolia.com
