How to Introduce the Transition Metals

Metals hanging in the d block

The transition metals are the metals within the center of the periodic table that do not have completely filled "d" subshells. Many of the transition metals also have the tendency to form cations that do not have completely filled d subshells. Nevertheless, the transition metals are present within the d block of the periodic table. The transition metals are different from the other elements of the periodic table. Therefore, when introducing the transition metals, you have to state the qualities that specifically differentiate these elements from the others.

Things You'll Need

• Periodic table

Instructions

1. Display the location of the transition metals on the periodic table. When introducing the transition metals, it is important to have a visual representation of where they are located on the periodic table. The reason for this is that, when analyzing the properties of the elements, students often refer to the periodic table. Displaying the location of the transition metals will provide the students with a reference. Show the students that the transition metals are located within the center of the periodic table, designated as groups three through 12.

2. State the connection between the d block of the periodic table, and the quantum mechanical properties of the transition metals. The center of the periodic table from groups three to 12 represents the "d" block. This means that the elements within this designation have electrons present within the "d" orbital. The transition metals do not all have completely filled "d" subshells. By demonstrating to the students that the filling of the electron orbitals of the transition metals corresponds to their location on the periodic table, they will have a better understanding of the properties of the transition metals.

3. Explain the way in which the transition metals form ions. One of the distinguishing features of the transition metals is that they form many different types of cations, and that the cations are not generally isoelectronic with the corresponding noble gases. This is in contrast to the cations of the elements that are not transition metals, in which their ion formations are generally isoelectronic with the corresponding noble gases. Another intricate feature of the transition metals is that, when they form cations, the electrons are first removed from the "s" orbital, because this provides the ion with more stability.

4. Describe the physical properties of the transition metals. When introducing the transition metals, it is necessary to provide a concept of their physical properties, in addition to their chemical properties. The transition metals have luster, are malleable, ductile and conduct electricity.

References

• "Bodner Research Web: Transition Metals"